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6. Financier Am Rev, Willing and Morris, US Senator Morris Robert-1659 (Robert , Andrew , Progenitor 2010 ) was born on 31 Jan 1734 in Circa,Liverpool. He was christened in Liverpool. He died on 8 May 1806 in Philadelphia.
He has an illegitimate daughter Polly who married Charles Croxall. Marko Junkkarinen, 'Living an American Lifestyle in 18th Century Philadelphia: Robert Morris, Prosperous Merchant and Famiy Man', EuraAmerica, Vol. 35, No. 3, September 205, pp. 459-499. Barbara A. Chernow, 'Robert Morris: Genesee Land Speculator', New York History, 58:2, April 1977, pp. 195-220. Per Ken Cozens. In the 1780s when Morris tries to corner the US tobacco sales, one of his partners is William Constable, Fix much of this in any chapter on US shipping - Robert Morris. Contractor. Code-red. He is once a partner of William Duer, of a West India family, and of Rucker, the German merchant family. Willing and Morris were active from 1757. Bartlett, p. 23, on US-Aust links over 20 years, between 1 Nov., 1792 and war of 1812, over 60 US ships visited Sydney, at least 20 bound for China, later came sealers and whalers. Notes follow from Arthur Nussbaum, A History of the Dollar, Columbia Univ Press. New York. 1957. early sections treat difficulty of money supply, currency supply, pp. 44ff, in 1780, Bank of Pennsylvania was founded in Pa, led by Robert Morris, to give Continental Govt financial assistance with a capital of $300,000, to establish contacts with France. it was replaced in 1781 by Bank of North America, which was created by Congress, Morris as superintendent of Finance was instrumental. its original capital was supposed to be $10 million with $400,000 fixed, but govt could not subscribe more than $240,000 and this after a subsidy from France, other subscribers added $85,000. private banks were were set up from 1784. The "cent" was a Jeffersonion term. in 1782 Morris had recommended a decimal system for currency, Jefferson liked the decimal but not the small unit Morris had recommended. US did not have its own mint till 1786. Constitution of US in force only from March 4, 1789. states were forbidden to coin money or to emit bills of credit. p. 49 on Hamilton's attitude, he considered wealth a partial substitute for aristocracy, "an attitude which proved disastrous for him", although he favored the monied class for the aid they could give the govt, financially. Hamilton wanted a truly national bank. Jefferson was against curtailing the state power in the financial field, and fearful the seaboard merchants would gain too much influence. Washington even wondered if chartering the Bank was constitutional, Hamilton convinced him it was. The Act for the Bank was signed on Feb 25, 1791. Much stock was taken in the Bank by English investors, subscription was popular all round. The US dollar became a unit separate from the Spanish dollar. p 134 re late development of monetary theory in US. p. 34ff on the first issue of the Continental Currency paper, which the Quakers rejected as "war money" and this helped the US lose its whale fishery. ::: Note that when Empress of China is on her way home, at CGH, she meets US ship for India Grand Turk owned by Elias Hasket Derby qv. CF, Goberdhan Bhagat, Americans in India, New York. 1970. one of the rare works on the topic area. Cited in Gordinier article. VIP see PCF Smith article on Empress of China. Cf., Gertrude S. Kimball, The East India Trade of Providence, 1787-1807. Providence. 1896. VIP see Holden Furber, The Beginnings of American Trade with India, 1784-1812 per Aras, Morris has the first US ship to China, Willing has the first US ship to India! Morris helped found the Bank of North America in 1781 in Pa first bank of its kind in the country, funded partly by a French loan at Morris' disposal. He was in US senate from 1789 to 1795 and "played a role in the historic exchange of federal assumption of state debts for the location of the permanent capitol at Washington DC. wanted by 1789 to sell US debt to Dutch investors. he had "unfathomable" speculation in govt and state debts in America, colossal land deals. Cf E. James Ferguson and John Catanzariti, (Eds), The Papers of Robert Morris. Seven Vols to date. Pittsburgh. University of Pittsburgh Press. 1973ff. It is said the profits from Empress of China 1784-1785 were embezzelled by Daniel Parker. Check this. Cf Ruwell's appendices, eg appendix IV, US ships were insured for Canton from 1793, one US ship/trip Calcutta-Amsterdam after May 1793 two to Canton, one to Batavia, Bombay and Caton from March 1794, from Jan 1795 to Batavai, Bombay, Calcutta, Canton, Coromandel, Madras, from Nov 1796 to Canton, Calcutta, Madras, Manila and Senegal, see Ruwell p. 160 for a list of INA subscribers from 1792 who were still stockholders in 1799. Ruwell does not appear to treat ships voyages to Australia. Cf Stuart Bruchey, Robert Oliver, Merchant of Baltimore, 1783-1819. Johns Hopkins Studies in Historical and Political Science. Series LXXIV, No. 1, Chapter III. cf Harold Gillingham, Marine Insurance in Philadelphia. Philadelphia. 1933. Jonathan Goldstein, Philadelphia and the China Trade: 1682-1846. University Park, PA: State University Press. 1961.; G. S. Street, The London Assurance. London. R. Clay and Sons. 1920.; Guildhall Library London has papers of the London Assurance Co. Royal Assurance, eg minute books, etc; Library of Congress has papers of Shippen Family, Samuel Blodget, Lovering-Taylor, Sylvanus Bourne, Robert Morris, apparently all on microfilm.; Kidd and Broadford, Ruwell p. 48 took insurance risks about 1772. Susbscribers p. 48 to the Insurance Co of North America included by about 1790 eg Robert Morris, John Nicholson, Charles Pettit, John Swanwick, George Latimer, Magnus Miller.; David Spears in US to Merchant Thomas Bennett of Liverpool, March 26, 1798 in Ruwell p. 100.; VIP must read. Alice Keith, Relaxations in British restrictions on American Trade with the British West Indies, 1783-1802, Journal of Modern History, Vol. XX, March, 1948. Cf., Ruwell on US ship insurance, pp. 75ff, there were Philadelphia underwriters who insured the slave trade, as the books of Kidd and Bradford show, Philadelphia ships traded with African ports in 1762, as do those of Willing, Morris and Co of April 29, 1762, Willing and Morris insured at 16 per cent the master of the brigantine Nancy, Captain/master William Rodman, from coast of Africa to Maryland. negro valued at £25 sterling per head. A possible Rbt Morris scenario developed early May 1994, see item Goosley on page for Harrisons. (1) Enter Rbt Morris (2) Morris recruits Carter Braxton who can recruit as he is linked to Carter Family and Tayloes, also Robinson family, a Robinson daughter marries Page, and one John Page is only co-correspondent of DC and Jefferson; Robinson's link to Braxton and one of Brockenbrough. (3) Braxton uses Goosley's ships, Gooseley married to Harrisons who are marriage-linked to Byrd and Randolph, and Randolph marries a daughter of Thos Jefferson, a Randolph is later Jefferson's executor. Is this all a link of rhetoric production (as with Byrd?) and can-do per Braxton's connections? See links of Washington family, which are linked to Dandridge, and Lee family which is informed by Alderman Lee in London. Dandridge link to Custis which are linked to Lee by marriages. Re a possible fleet for use during Am Rev see Goosley qv RIN 8232. See also, Ernest R. May and John K. Fairbank, America's China Trade in Historical Perspective: The Chinese and American Performance. Pub by Committee on American-East Asian Relations of the Dept of History in collaboration with the Council on East Asian Studies/ Harvard University. Cambridge Mass., London. Harvard Univ Press. 1986. (a poor book, actually). See Yen-P'ing Hao, essay Chinese Teas to America - A Synopsis, part 1, Direct Trade without Diplomacy 1784-1843, the two editors informing in foreword, "The Old China Trade" from 1784 to about 1860 became a legend in American thinking, but, after that romantic era of tea, silk and opium, what actually happened? Fairbank in intro says the Old China Trade to the time of American Civil War was both exotic and llucrative, and in China trade, US often got in ahead of British, trade with China as part of the western moving American "manifest destiny" under the invisible hand of divine providence. the US trade began under the same compulsions that pressured Britain into the opium trade, how to lay down funds at Canton with which to buy China teas and silks. Early traders were "reduced to loading ice from Boston's lakes", or sandalwood from Hawaii. or shipping ginseng root from New England, or selling sea-otter pelts and furs from the north-west coast. Hao goes on in his essay, till 1775-1776, American relied on England for their tea, some mention of smuggled Dutch tea, after the Am Rev, US had idle ships, in December 1783 p. 12, New England traders tried to initiate direct trade with China by sending ship Harriet, a Boston sloop of 55 tons, to Canton with ginseng, at CGH the American cxaptain fouond the British traders who were alarmed at an American incursion and who bought his entire cargo for twice its price in tea. Thus the first US ship to actually enter Chinese waters was Empress of China Capt John Green p. 12, fitted out by Morris and Daniel Parker and Co. of New York, sailing on 22 Feb 1784, ginseng plus other commodities, reaching Canton on 28 Aug around CGH, returned home with 3000 piculs (a picul being about 134 poounds) of Hyson and Bohea tea, returned safe to New York in 1785. This created interest among New England traders and Boston men laid plans, fitting out Capt Stewart Deane, an old privateering Capt, in an 84- ton sloop. In June 1787 Morris sent out Alliance with a cargo said to be worth $500,000, and from Providence went John Brown's ship the General Washington, which sailed to Canton in Dec 1787, returning home in July 1789. Among other early vessels were the Jenny and Eleanora of New York, the Astrea of Salem and from Boston the ship Massachusetts, p. 13, by 1790 the American tea trade at Canton had become regular. After 1785, p. 13, the China-US tea trade increased steadily, being 880,000 lbs from 1785 to 3,000,000 lbs in 1790 and 5.5 million pounds by 1800. No other nation beside Britain had more ships at South China waters. to 1807, an annual average of 36 American ships arrived in China. US merchants had freedom from restrictions of Euro monopolies, and US ships purchased furs at American n/w coast and sold them in Canton in exchange for tea. English vessels could only go to n-w America with special permision from EICo, and could exchange furs not for commodities but for specie which had to be deposited with the EICo at Canton p. 13, for which specie the Co. issues bills at 12 months' sight payable in London. but the US could barter freely at Canton, undersell Briitsh pelts and carry tea where they pleased, p. 13, now see p. 18, early US ships used supercargoes, then resident trading firms at Canton, in 1795, Samuel Shaw a supercargo on Ann and Hope in 1795, established himself as a resident commission agent. In 1803, Thomas H. Perkins and Co of Boston p. 19, opened a branch at Canton, with John P. Cushing in charge. Another firm was C. B. C. Wilcocks of Philadelphia and Daniel Stansbury of Baltimore also resident at Canton. The legendary John Jacob Astor was represented at Canton by Nicholas G. Ogden and Cornelius Sowle. Samuel Russell resident at Canton seemingly on his own account. Hao p. 19, The resident agents plus the mercantile houses gradually replaced the supercargoes as principal purchasers. By the 1820s a few large firms dominated US tea purchasing, at Canton inc p. 19, Perkins and Co, James Oakford and Co, Archer and Co, T. H. Smith and Co, Olyphant and Co, Russell and Co, Westmore and Co, with the first four here controlling about 80 per cent of the trade to 1828. Philadelphia houses represented the interests of Robert Morris, Stephen Girard and Samuel Archer among others had the lead for 20 years before yielding to New York merchants. Hao p. 19, says John P. Cushing and John Murray Forbes developed unusually cordial relationships with the dean of the Hong merchants, the renowned Houqua, or, Wu Ping-chien. Robert Fortune from the 1840s was the British tea expert who helped India's tea production. Hao p. 21, John Ledyard of Connecticut was probably the first American to visualise a tringular trade linking New York, North West America and China, he was with Cook voyage of 1776, saw the Nootka area, the idea not realised till 1790, but Boston and Salem merchants saw the point, Hao p. 23, during the 1820s and 1830s, American traders continuously engaged in the opium trade using London bankers and helped with their own vessels they virtually monopolized the Turkish opium business, and also acted at Canton for Indian opium smuggled to China in country ships. But opium played an insignificant role, as US sold only $133,000 worth of opium in 1824 and only $275,921 in 1836, US merchants p. 22 got their opium from Smyrna or other Turkish ports, but had no more than 10 per cent of the opium market in China. To get Spanish dollars for specie the US merchants p. 24 had to send American produce to Europe or South America, the proceeds in Spanish dollars then sent to China to finance the tea trade, on the third leg of trade, tea back to US. the actual specie had to be transported to China because of the absence of banking facilities other than those provided by a merchant's own operations. US merchants Hao p. 24, made increasingly heavy use of bills on London, in the 1820s and 1830s, American commission houses began to receive bills on London on their own account. In 1828, Hao p. 25, the ship Danube of Perkins and Co sailed from Boston to Canton with a letter of credit on Barings of London for £60,000. Hao p. 25 says in the 1830s, massive imports of British opium gave China an unfavourable balance of payments situation, US men found it cheaper to dispense with Spanish specie and to use bills of exchange. Hao p. 29, the net profit from the Empress of China in 1784-1785 was estimated at $30,727 or 25 percent of original investment. The Betsy in 1797-1798 exceeded net proceeds of $120,000 and profits were $53,118. Hao p. 29, John P. Cushing returned from Canton to Boston in 1828 aged 41 with a fortune of over $600,000; then he retired, entrusting William Sturgis with management of these funds. John Murray Forbves once made a profit of $150,000 in two years. Some early partners of the US firm Russelll and Co see Hao p. 29 included Samuel Russell, Philip Ammidon, John C. Green and Joseph Coolidge. in 1834 they made a profit of $100,000. by 1847 see Hao p. 29 was John Heard III of Augustine Heard and Co. Hao p. 30 says Huoqua the Canton hong merchant made a fortune of 26 million silver dollars or about US $52 million, by 1834 which H. B. Morse thought was the largest mercantile fortune known on earth. Hao p. 30 says John P. Cushing after he returned to Boston continued to trade to China mostly for tea, but he withdrew altogether from Oriental trade and invested in railroads, textile mills etc. Hao, p. 30 says John Murray Forbes returned from Canton to Boston in 1837 to Boston, establishing as a China trader, and agent for Russell and Co., and he invested in inronworks, steamships, above all else, railroads; he began investing in New England railroads by 1838; his brother at the time remained in Canton. By 1861, Forbes had created the important Chicago, Burlington and Quincy railroad system; and Houqua himself had invested his money in US railroads. Cf., Michael M. Hunt, The Making of a Special Relationship: The United States and China to 1914, Ch 1., The Rise of the Open Door Constituency 1874-1860. Cf. Augustine Heard Jr., "Old China and New", Box GQ-2, Heard Collection, Baker Library, Harvard University. Jardine -Matheson and Co archives are held at Cambridge Univ Library, Archives. Cf., Jared Sparks, The Life of John Ledyard. Cambridge, Mass. Hilliard and Brown. 1828. See Charles C. Stelle, American Trade in Opium to China, 1821-1839., Pacific Historical Review, 10.1, March 1941. cited in Hao Note 20; Carl C. Cutler, Greyhounds of the Sea: The Story of the American Clipper Ship. no details; On Forbes and Raiulways, see Thomas C. Cochran, Railroad Leaders, 1845-1890: The Business Mind in Action. Cf., Stephen C. Lockwood, Augustine Heard and Company, 1858-1862: American Merchants in China. On Jardine Matheson see Edward Lle Fevour, Western Enterprise in Late Ch'ing China: A Selective Survey of Jardine, Matheson and Company's Operations, 1842-1895, no details. Arthur H. Clark, The Clipper Ship Era: An epitome of Famous American and British Clipper Ships: their owners, builders, commanders and crews, 1843-1869, no details. See Lien-sheng Yang, Money and Credit in China: A short history, cited Hao, Note 58. See in Hao Note 145, John. L. Rawlinson, China's Struggle for Naval Development, 1839-1895, Cambridge, Mass. Harvard University Pres. 1967. Carl Sandburg and Stanley Paterson, Merchant Prince of Boston: Colonel T. H. Perkins, 1764-1854. Cambridge Mass, Harvard Univ Press. 1971.; . Cf., H. A. Antrobus, A History of the Assam Company, 1839-1953. Edinburgh. Constable. 1957. Alfred D. Chandler, Jr., The Beginnings of "Big Business" in American Industry, Business History Review, 33, Spring 1959. Thomas C. Cochran, Railroad leaders, 1845-1890: The Business Mind in Action. Cambridge, Mass. Harvard Univ Press. 1953. Maurice Corina, Trust in Tobacco: The Anglo-American Struggle for Power. New York, St Martins. 1975., Sarah Forbes Hughes, (Ed), of John Murray Forbes, Reminiscences of John Murray Forbes. Boston. Ellis. 1902.; See notes to Perkins, Cushing, Forbes, Sturgis and other US China traders after 1784. Cf., Philip Chadwick Foster Smith, The Empress of China. Philadelphia. Philadelphia Maritime Museum. 1984. See copy at UNE Dept Economic History of Anthony Chen, Kuo-tung, The Insolvency of the Chinese Hong Merchants, 1760-1843., UMI. 1990. Yale Univ. Ph.D, 1990., and his bibliography, notes taken. See notes from William Appleman Williams et al, already in chronology lists 1784 re ship Empress of China. See notes for chronology 1784 re his first ship to China and related lists to be made of his merchant associates in these China ventures. By 1776, Morris' agents see Ferguson, Purse, p. 78ff, included William Binghamon Martinique, and on Santo Domingo was Stephen Ceronio. In Williamsburg was Benjamin Harrison Jnr, David Stewart at Baltimore, at New Orleans was Oliver Pollock who also dealt for Willing and Morris. Charles Willing was on Barbados for Morris. In 1776, one firm was William, Morros (Swanwick) and Co. In Europe were Silas Deane, John Ross and Samuel Beale. Morris had a regular European client, Samuel and JH Delap at Bordeaux, Andrew Limozin at Le Havre, Clifford and Teysett of Amsterdam. Deane and Ross began to deal with LeRoy de Chaumont the procurer of supplies for the French army, and John Holker. The first capital used by Silas Deane was bills on Willing and Morris on houses in London, which were mostly not honoured as stopped by the British government about November 1775-March 1776. By Sept 1776, Morris suggesting Deane arrange deals with Thomas Walpole in Britain, Chaumont in France and Legrand with branches in France and Holland, sopping up the neutral trades between Britain and America. By May 1778, Morris acting as agent for William Bingham. See Margaret L. Brown, William Bingham, Agent of the Continental Congress in Martinique, Penn Mag of Hist and Biog, 61, 1937. Ferguson, Purse, p. 80, Note 19 re firms such as Benjamin Harrison a paymaster of the Continental Army in Virginia, Carter Braxton, Jennifer and Hooe (sic), and Samuel Beale of Virginia, Hewes and Smith of North Carolina, John Dorsius of Charleston, John Wereat in Georgia, circa 1776. Another Morris agent was David Stewart at Baltimore. See Ferguson, Purse, p. 88, Note 42, re Pliarne, Penet and Co., by Oct 1777, a "dubious company" linked with J. Gruel. Ferguson, Purse, p. 89, a close friend of Deane was Edward Bancroft, a British spy who tricked Deane and Benj Franklin. Deane, Bancroft, dealt in stock speculations in London also dealing here with an English associate, Thomas Wharton. See Carl Van Doren, Secret History of the American Revolution. New York. 1941. By 1785 Morris had an exclusive contract to dispose of the American tobacco crop. Possibly some links with Senator William Bingham of Philadelphia. In 1782, Morris writing to Matthew Ridley, see Ferguson, Purse, p. 155. By 1783 Morris also linked anew with John Swanwick, see Ferguson, Purse, p. 129. Francis Baring by late 1780s. By 1782, Morris dealing with New York contractors Sands, Livingston and Co, or, Wadsworth and Carter; also John Holker and Morris' protege, William Duer. See tangles by late 1783 with John Swanick, with John Holker qv. Daniel Parker new chief contractors for US Army qv. Matthew Tilghman, qv. By 1783 with Dutch firm Willink, Staphorst and Co qv. Morris' father from Liverpool was a tobacco agent for an English firm. By 1783, Ziegler says, Morris corresponding with Baring in London with later result that Baring obtained much US business, obtaining the US Govt business from Bird Savage and Bird who earlier had it. See E. James Ferguson, The Power of the Purse: A History of American Public Finance, 1776-1790. Williamsburg, Virginia. Institute of Early American History and Culture. Chapel Hill. 1961. By 1787, Morris dealing in stocks and speculations with Gouverneur Morris, Daniel Parker and Co (Daniel Parker living in Europe and dealing with Willink and Staphorst), some New York affairs taken care of by Andrew Craigie. Dutch-linked men were Herman LeRoy and William Bayard while some other brokers and dealers were John Delafield, Watson and Greenleaf, C&J Shaw, Nicholas Low, Robert Gilchrist, Richard Platt, William Duer who was later secretary of the US Treasury. Many of these men were over extended and debts "migrated" to Europe. Ferguson, Purse, p. 264 says Morris' affairs had begun to deteriorate by early 1789, at which time we also note from other sources that Morris is waiting on some ships home from China. Morris began to develop an idea that a consortium deal to buy the entire domestic debt of the US, dealt here with Daniel Parker, and "the Amsterdam Society", G. Morris here spoke to Barings in London about the idea. Gouveneur Morris in London dealt with Parker and a British merchant, Samuel Rogers, plus Francis Baring, Edmund Boehm, and Thomas Hinchman re $600,000 dollars in securities. Craigie and Constable would deal in New York, Constable drawing on Samuel Rogers in London, but the plan went no further after Gouveneur Morris went to France. In 1788, American merchants were alerted by the visit to US of Brissot de Warville, an agent of the Swiss banker, Stephen Claviere, who headed a group of capitalists interested in purchasing the American debt. Warville talked with Rbt Morris and Gouveneur Morris, William Duer and Jeremiah Wadsworth. Parker also talked with Warville. In October 1789 G. Morris in France talked with Necker head of French finances about this idea. Le Couteulx were already interested but Necker drove them so high they backed out. Alexander Hamilton in US knew about some of these matters. G. Morris now began to distrust the Dutch. Much of the debt was transferred to Holland between 1790 and 1794, with an American merchant eg James Swan involved for about $2 million but about $11.4 million would have been needed.
Follows e-mail from Andros Linklater - Dear Dan, That's brilliant and thank you for marking it up - do you believe in "morphic resonance"? the theory that once an idea has been thought of in one part of the world, the pattern of it is repeated elsewhere? Well, our interest in RM fits the bill, because I see from the British Library catalogue that the 7 vols you refer to edited by E. James Ferguson and John Catanzariti, have recently - 1999 - been added to with two further volumes out of the University of Pittsburgh. I enclose the full citation for the latest. As you can see it's over 1000 pages and covers just 10 months in 1784, so I suspect the material will be rich. If I can get to them before you I'll give you an idea of what they're like. But it sounds as though the U of Pittsburgh may have a cache of material. warmest wishes Andro
Signer of the American Declaration of Independence. The papers of Robert Morris. 1781-1784
Part title: Vol.9. January 1 - October 30, 1784. Elizabeth M. Nuxoll and Mary A. Gallagher, editors. Nelson S. Dearmont, associate editor. Kathleen H. Mullen, assistant editor
Joint author/editor: Nuxoll. Elizabeth Miles. 1943-
Subject: Morris. Robert. 1734-1806
Subject: United States. History. Revolution, 1775-1783. Finance. Sources
Publication details: Pittsburgh. University of Pittsburgh Press. London. Eurospan. printer. c1999
Description: lxii,1026p.. 25cm
ISBN: 0822940558. m
ISBN: 0822938863. a
Shelfmark: YC.1999.b.7070. Morris is Episcopalian in religion.
Robert married (1) White Mary-1667 daughter of Colonel White Thomas-18578 and wife2 Hewlings Esther-18579 in 1769 in North America.
gapskey re complexities and re husband Robert who is Signer US Constitution for Pennsylvania. Wikipedia page for Robert Morris. She has five sons and two daughters. She is referred to as Molly/Polly. Her family is allegedly elite, as indicated in article by Junkkarinen. Maybe a dr of Colonel Thomas White. Online item, Colonial Families of Philadelphia at www.archive.org.stream/
Robert and Mary had the following children:
17 M i Morris Robert Clark-2195 was born in 1769/1770 in Philadelphia. He died in 1804 in Philadelphia.
See Klingelhofer on Ridley, p. 101.+ 18 M ii Morris Thomas-2196 was born in 1771/1772. He died in 1854. + 19 F iii Morris Hester-7243 was born in 1774. She died in 1817. 20 M iv Morris William White-67139 was born in 1772/1773 in Philadelphia.
No notes.21 M v Morris Charles-323547 was born in 1777. He died in 1805 in at sea off Sth America. + 22 F vi Morris Maria-522823 was born in 1779. She died in 1852. 23 M vii Morris Henry-522900 was born in 1784 in Philadelphia. He died in 1842.
Robert married (2) Lover MNotknown. Miss-323542.
They had the following children:
24 F viii Morris Polly-323543. Polly married Failed businessman Croxall Charles-323544 son of Croxall Progenitor-323545 and CNotknown Miss-323546.
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