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The Crusades - Bibliography

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Benjamin Arbel, Bernard Hamilton, David Jacoby, (Eds.), Latins and Greeks in the Eastern Mediterranean after 1204. Frank Cass/Society for Promotion of Byzantine Studies/ Society for the study of the Crusades and the Latin East, 1989.

Harold Acton, The Last Bourbons of Naples, 1825-1861. London, Methuen, 1961.


Ambroise, The Crusade of Richard the Lionheart. Translated by M. J. Hubert. (1941). (By a companion of Richard, a work with literary aspirations)

J. C. Anderssohn, The Ancestry and Life of Godfrey of Bouillon. (1947) (Biographies of the Crusaders)

Michael Angold, The Byzantine Empire 1025-1204: a political history. London/New York, Longman, 1984.

Anonymous, Li estoire de chiaus qui conquisent Constantinople. (Translated by E.N. Stone) nd?

Anonymous. L'Estoire de la Guerre Saint. (Translated by E.N. Stone) (1939)

Anonymous, The Crusaders as Conquerors. The Chronicle of Morea. (Translated by H.E. Lurie) nd?

Anonymous, The Crusade and Death of Richard I. (Translated by R.C. Johnston) (1961)

Anonymous, The Third Crusade: An Eye-witness Account of the Campaigns of Richard Coeur de Lion in Cyprus and the Holy Land. (Translated by K. Fenwick) (1958) (The Third Crusade?)

T. A. Archer, The Crusade of Richard I: 1189-92. Excerpts from participants concerning Richard's crusading activity.

Karen Armstrong, Holy War. London, Macmillan, 1988.

Pierre Aube, Godefroy de Bouillon. Paris: Fayard, c1985. (Biographies of Crusaders)

M. d' Ault-Dumesnil, Dictionnaire historique, geographique et biographique, des Croisades, embrassant toute la lutte du Christianisme et de l'Islamisme .... Osnabruck: Biblio Verlag, 1984.

Aziz Suryal Atiya, The Crusades: Historiography and Bibliography. Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1962.

Aziz Suryal Atiya, Crusade. Commerce and Culture. (1962) (Puts the crusades into the large context of the East-West Question)

Crusades BBB

Marshall W. Baldwin, Raymond III of Tripoli. (1936) (Biographies of Crusaders)

Malcolm Barber, The Trial of the Templars. Cambridge, Eng.; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1978. (The MiIitary Orders)

Malcolm Barber, The New Knighthood: A History of the Order of the Temple. Cambridge, 1994. (Recent work on a facinating topic)

Frederic J. Baumgartner, France in the Sixteenth Century. London, Macmillan, 1995.

J. Ben-Ami, Social Change in a Hostile Environment: The Crusaders' Kingdom of Jerusalem. (1969) (The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem)

Konrad Bercovici, The Crusades. New York: Cosmopolitan book corporation, 1929.

Meron Benvenisti, The Crusaders in the Holy Land. 1st American ed.; New York, Macmillan, 1972, c1970. (The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem)

Bernard of Clairvaux, The Letters of St. Bernard. Translated by B. Scott James (1963) (The Second Crusade)

Bernard of Clairvaux, In Praise of the New Knighthood. (On the Templars' Rule)

T. N. Bisson, The Medieval Crown of Aragon: A Short History. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1986.

Thomas S. R. Boase, Castles and Churches of the Crusading Kingdom. (1977). (The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem)

Thomas. S. R. Boase, Kingdoms and Strongholds of the Crusaders. London, Thames and Hudson, 1971. (The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem)

Pierre Boulle, L'Etrange croisade de l'empereur Frederic II .. . Paris, Flammarion, 1968.

Ernle Bradford, The Sword and the Scimitar: The Saga of the Crusades. New York, Putnam, 1974.

Ernle Bradford, The Shield and the Sword: The Knights of St John. London, Hodder and Stoughton, 1972. (The Military Orders)

Charles M. Brand, Byzantium Confronts The West, 1180-1204. Gregg Revivals/Harvard University Press, 1968.

A good treatment of the impact of Spanish silver on European economies and other useful overviews are given in Fernand Brandel, The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II. Vol. 1. (Translated by Sian Reynolds) Sydney, Perennial Library, Harper and Row, 1960. (Post Crusades)

Louis Brehier, l'Eglise et l'Orient au moyen age: les croisades. 1st AMS ed. New York, AMS Press, 1978.

P. Brown, The World of Late Antiquity. London, 1971.

James A. Brundage, "Adhemar of Puy. The Bishop and his Critics," Speculum, 34 (1959). (Biographies of the Crusaders)

James A. Brundage, Medieval Canon Law and the Crusader. Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 1969.

James A. Brundage, Richard Lion Heart. New York, Scribner, 1974. (Biographies of the Crusaders)

James Brundage, The Crusades, Holy War and Canon Law. (An in-depth and easily understandable exploration of medieval law in terms of the Crusade movement)

James A. Brundage, Richard Lion Heart. New York: Scribner, 1974.

James A. Brundage, The Crusades, a documentary survey. Milwaukee: Marquette University Press, 1962. (Chronological presentation of sources from throughout the period)

Robert Ignatius Burns, Islam under the crusaders, colonial survival in the thirteenth-century Kingdom of Valencia. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1973. (Political conetxt of the Crusades)

Robert Ignatius Burns, Medieval colonialism: postcrusade exploitation of Islamic Valencia. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1975. (Political context of the Crusades)

Robert Ignatius Burns, Medieval Colonialism: postcrusade exploitation of Islamic Valencia. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1975.

Robert Burns, The Crusader Kingdom of Valencia. 2 vols. Cambridge, Ma., 1967. (On the Reconquista)

Alan Butler and Stephen Dafoe, The Warriors and the Bankers: A History of the Knights Templar from 1307 to the Present. Templar Book, 1998. ISBN 0968356729.

Lionel Butler, (Ed.), A History of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem. London, Macmillan/New York, St. Martin's Press, 1967. (The Military Orders)

Crusades CCC

Claude Cahen, "An Introduction to the First Crusade," Past and Present, November, 1954: 6-29.

Claude Cahen, Orient et Occident au temps des Croisades. Paris, Aubier Montaigne, c1983.

James L. Cate, "A Gay Crusader,", Byzantion, 16 (1942-1943) (Biographies of the Crusaders)

Peter Charanis, "Byzantium, the West and the Origin of the First Crusade," Byzantion, 19, 1949.

Robert Chazan, In the Year 1096: The First Crusade and the Jews. Philadelphia, 1996.

Robert Chazan, European Jewry and the First Crusade. ? (Concerns how the Jews fared as the First Crusade progressed)

Nicetas Choniates, ca. 1140-1213, O city of Byzantium: annals of Niketas Choniates. Translated by Harry I. Magoulias. Detroit, Wayne State University Press, 1984.

Eric Christiansen, The Northern Crusades: the Baltic and the Catholic frontier, 1100-1525. London/New York: Macmillan, 1980.

E. R. Clifford, A Knight of Great Renown: The Life of Otho de Grandison. (1961) (Biographies of the Crusaders)

Roger Collins, Early Medieval Spain: Unity in Diversity, 400-1000. New Studies in Medieval History. Second edition. New York, St Martin's Press, 1995., table.

Giles Constable, Monks, Hermits, and Crusaders in Medieval Europe. London, Variorum Reprints, 1988.

Giles Constable, "The Second Crusade as seen by Contemporaries," Traditio, 9, 1953. (The Second Crusade)

Herbert. E. J. Cowdrey, The Cluniacs and the Gregorian Reform. 1977.

Herbert E. J. Cowdrey, Popes, Monks, and Crusaders. London, Hambledon Press, 1984.

Anna Comnena, (b. 1083), Alexiad. English: The Alexiad of Anna Comnena. Translated by E.R.A. Sewter. Baltimore: Penguin Books 1969. (The First Crusade) (Her own point of view of the Crusaders she met, and the events that transpired from the Byzantine perspective of the day)

Crusades: Sections in The Historians' History of the World. London, The Times, 1907. Volume 8.

Crusades DDD

Raymond D'Aguilers Historia Francorum. Trans. John H. Hill and Laurita L. Hill. Philadelphia, 1968. (A participant of the entire First Crusade who wrote a few years after returning)

Norman Daniel, Heroes and Saracens: an interpretation of the chansons de geste. Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, c1984.

F. D. S. Darwin, Louis D'Orleans, (1372-1407): A Necessary Prologue to the Tragedy of La Pucelle D'Orleans. London, John Murray, 1936.

Charles W. David, Robert Curthose: Duke of Normandy. (1920) (Biographies of the Crusaders)

Gerald W. Day, Genoa's Response to Byzantium, 1155-1204: commercial expansion and factionalism in a medieval city. Urbana, University of Illinois Press, c1988.

Paul Deschamps, Au temps des croisades. Paris, Hachette, 1972.

Philip Dixon, Barbarian Europe. Oxford UK, Phaidon, 1976.

Joseph Donovan, Pelagius and the Fifth Crusade. 1950. (Deals with the papal legate who was a leader of the Crusade)

Pierre Dubois, The Recovery of the Holy Land. Translated by W.I. Brandt. 1956.


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Georges Duby, France in the Middle Ages, 987-1460: From Hugh Capet to Joan of Arc. (Trans. by Juliet Vale) London, Blackwell, 1991.

Ducas, fl. 1455, Decline and Fall of Byzantium to the Ottoman Turks: an annotated Translation of "Historia Turco-Byzantina" by Harry J. Magoulias. Detroit, Wayne State University Press, 1975.

Alfred L. Duggan, Knight with Armour. Harmondsworth Penguin Books in association with Faber and Faber, 1959. (Biographies of the Crusaders)

Alphonse Dupront, Du sacre: croisades et p lerinages, images et langages. Paris, Gallimard, c1987.

Crusades EEE

Edbury - Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East. Conference (lst: 1983: University College, Cardiff) Crusade and settlement: papers read at the First Conference of the Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East and presented to R.C. Smail. Edited by Peter W. Edbury. Cardiff, U.K.: University College Cardiff Press; Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Distributed in USA by Humanities Press, 1985.

Peter W. Edbury, William of Tyre, Historian of the Latin East. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988. (Biographies of the Crusaders)

Peter W. Edbury, The Kingdom of Cyprus and the Crusades, 1191-1374. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

Peter W. Edbury, (Ed)., The Conquest of Jerusalem and the Third Crusade: Sources in Translation. Aldershot, 1996. (Useful contemporary accounts)

Peter W. Edbury, Crusade and Settlement. Ed. Peter Edbury, 1985. (SSCLE contribution, concerning the First Crusade and later events, including a group discussion of the crusades as the first European venture of colonial imperialism)

Andrew S. Ehrenkreutz, Saladin. 1st edn.; Albany, State University of New York Press, 1972. (Biographies of the Crusaders)

Ekkehard Eickhoff, Friedrich Barbarossa im Orient: Kreuzzug und Tod Friedrichs I. Tubingen, E. Wasmuth, c1977.

Eidelberg - The Jews and the Crusaders: the Hebrew Chronicles of the First and Second Crusades. Translated and edited by Shlomo Eidelberg. Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 1977. (The First Crusade)

J. H. Elliott, Imperial Spain, 1469-1716. London, Penguin, 1972 edition.

Martin Erbstosser, The Crusades. Translated by C. S. V. Salt. Newton Abbot, David & Charles, 1978.

Carl Erdmann, (1898-1945), The Origin of the Idea of Crusade. Translated by Marshall W. Baldwin and Walter Goffart; foreword and additional notes by Marshall W. Baldwin. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1977.

Theodore Evergates, Louis VII and the Counts of Champagne, pp. 109-118 in Michael Gervers, The Second Crusade and the Cistercians. New York, St Martin's Press, 1992.

Crusades FFF

R. Fedden, Crusader Castles: A Brief Study in the Military Architecture of the Crusaders. 1950.

George Finlay, The History of Greece From its Conquest by the Crusaders to its Conquest by the Turks, and of the Empire of Trebizond, 1204-1461. Edinburgh, Blackwood and Sons, MDCCCLI/1851.

Ronald C. Finucane, Soldiers of the Faith: Crusaders and Moslems at war. London: J.M. Dent, 1983.

G. B. Flahiff, Deus non vult. A Critic of the Third Crusade, Medieval Studies, 9, 1947.

Jaroslav Folda, The Art of the Crusaders in the Holy Land: 1098-1187. Cambridge, 1995.

Alan John Forey, The Templars in the Corona de Aragon. London, Oxford University Press, 1973.

J. K. Fotheringham, "Genoa and the Fourth Crusade," EHR, 25 (1910)

Foucher, de Chartres, (1058?-ca. 1127), A history of the expedition to Jerusalem, 1095-1127. Translated by Frances Rita Ryan. Edited with an introduction by Harold S. Fink. New York, W. W. Norton 1973, c1969. (The First Crusade)

Foucher of Chartres, The First Crusade; the chronicle of Fulcher of Chartres and other source materials. Edited, with an introd. by Edward Peters. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1971. (The First Crusade)

John France, Victory in the East. Cambridge, 1994. (Fine military history of the First Crusade)

S. France, "An Unknown Account of the Capture of Jerusalem," EHR, 87, 1972. (The Third Crusade)

Fulcher of Chartres. A History of the Expedition to Jerusalem 1095-1127. Trans: Frances Rita Ryan. Ed. Harold S. Fink. Knoxville, 1969. (Fulcher went on the First Crusade, remained in the East and wrote this account which deals not only with the crusaders, but local people, flora and fauna)

Crusades GGG

Francesco Gabrieli, (1904-), Arab historians of the Crusades; selected and translated from the Arabic sources. Translated by E. J. Costello. London: Routledge & K. Paul, 1969.

Laurence Gardner, The Bloodline of the Holy Grail: The Hidden Lineage of Jesus Revealed. Shaftesbury, Dorset, Element, 1996 or Brisbane, Jacaranda Wiley, 1996.

Gerald of Wales. Itinerary through Wales. Trans. Lewis Thorpe. N.Y., 1978. (Personal account of preaching the Crusade and the effects on the populace)

Michael Gervers, (Ed.), The Second Crusade and the Cistercians. New York, 1992.

Hamilton Gibb, The Life of Saladin: From the works of Imad ad-Din and Baha ad-Din. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1973.

Aleksandr Giezstor, The Genesis of the Crusades, Medievalia et Humanistica, 1948.

John Gillingham, Richard the Lionheart. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1978. (Biographies of the Crusaders)

Anne Gilmour-Bryson, The Trial of the Templars in the Papal State and the Abruzzi. Citt`a del Vaticano: Biblioteca apostolica vaticana, 1982. (The Military Orders)

John B. Glubb, The lost centuries: from the Muslim empires to the Renaissance of Europe, 1145-1453. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall 1967.

J. Godfrey, "Venice and the Fourth Crusade," History Today, 26, 1976.

John Godfrey, 1204, The Unholy Crusade. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 1980.

D. A. Goodsell, Peter the Hermit: A Story of Enthusiasm. 1906. (Biographies of the Crusaders)

S. D. Goitein, (Ed. and trans.), "Contemporary Letters on the Capture of Jerusalem by the Crusaders," Journal of Jewish Studies, 3, 1952.

Vladimir P. Goss, (Ed.), with Christine Verzar Bornstein, The Meeting of two worlds: cultural exchange between East and West during the period of the Crusades. Kalamazoo, Mich.: Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University, 1986.

Elaine Graham-Leigh, '"The proconsul ruling the city called Carcassone": memory, title and the Trencavel viscounts, 1068-1209', Historical Research, Vol. 75, No. 188, May 2002., pp. 170-187.

Peter R. Grillo, (Ed.), La Prise d'Acre. La Mort Godefroi. And, La Chanson des rois Baudoin. Tuscaloosa, University of Alabama Press, c1987. Vol. 7, pt. 2 (The Third Crusade, and provides further bibliography)

G. Z. Gray, The Children's Crusade. 1870.

Rene Grousset, The Epic of the Crusades. Translated by Noel Lindsay. New York, Orion Press, 1970.

Werner L. Gundersheimer, Ferrara: The Style of a Rennaissance Despotism. New Jersey, Princeton University Press, 1973.

Crusades HHH

Francis Hackett, Francis the First. London, Heinemann, 1934.

Heinrich Hagenmeyer, (1834-1915), Epistulae et chartae ad historiam primi belli sacri spectantes. Die Kreuzzugsbriefe aus den Jahren 1088-1100. Hildesheim, New York, G. Olms, 1973. (The First Crusade)

Elizabeth Hallam, (Ed.), Chronicles of the Crusades: Eye-witness Accounts of the Wars between Christianity and Islam. London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1989.

Bernard Hamilton, Monastic Reform: Catharism, and the Crusades, (900-1300). London, Variorum Reprints, 1979.

F. Heer, Charlemagne and His World. London, 1975.

George A. Henty, Winning his Spurs: A Tale of the Crusades. London: S. Low, Marston, 1924? (The first Crusade)

Sir George Hill, A History of Cyprus. Volume III. The Frankish Period, 1432-1571. Cambridge at the University Press, 1972.

John H. Hill, Raymond IV of St. Gilles. (1962)

Rosalind Hill, (Ed.), Gesta Francorum [or] The Deeds of the Franks. London, 1962. (Participant of the First Crusade from his point of view as a knight)

Norman Housley, The Avignon Papacy and the Crusades, 1305-1378. Oxford, Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press, c1986.

Geoffrey Hindley, Saladin. London: Constable, 1976.

Norman Housley, The Later Crusades, 1274-1580. Oxford, 1992. (Expands the horizons of the crusade movement beyond the Fall of Acre in 1291)

Norman Housley, The Italian Crusades: the Papal-Angevin alliance and the Crusades against Christian Lay Powers, 1254-1343. Oxford: Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press, 1982.

Stephen Howarth, The Knights Templar. London, Collins, 1982. With citations from Jonathan Riley-Smith, Family Traditions and Participation in the Second Crusade, pp. 101-108.


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T. E. B. Howarth, Citizen-King, The Life of Louis-Philippe, King of the French. London, Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1961.

Robert Hughes, Barcelona. London, Harvill, 1992.

Crusades III

More to come

Crusades JJJ



Gabriel Jackson, The Making of Medieval Spain. London, Thames and Hudson, 1972. (Genealogical table.)

Francis Jammes, Saint Louis, ou, L'esprit de croisade. Illustre par Edmond Ernest. Paris, F. Sorlot, 1941.

John of Salisbury, De expugnatione Lyxbonensi. Translated by C.W. David (1936) (The Second Crusade)

Eric John, (Ed.), The Popes: A Concise Biographical History. New York, Hawthorn Books. Inc., 1964.

Joinville, The Life of Saint Louis, in Chronicles of the Crusades. Trans. M.R.B. Shaw. N.Y., 1963. (A main source by a participant)

William C. Jordan, Louis IX and the Challenge of the Crusade: a Study in Rulership. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, c1979.

Crusades KKK



B. Z. Kedar, Merchants in Crisis. Yale University Press, 1976. (On Genoa, and C14th depression).

Ernst Kantorowicz, Frederick II. 1931.

Ibn Kalanisi, The Damascus Chronicle of the Crusades. Translated by H.A.R. Gibbs. nd?

B. Z. Kedar, Crusade and Mission. Princeton, 1984.

B. Z. Kedar, Crusade and Mission: European Approaches toward the Muslims. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, c1984.

B. Z. Kedar, Outremer: Studies in the History of the Crusading Kingdom of Jerusalem presented to Joshua Prawer. Edited by B.Z. Kedar, H.E. Mayer, R.C. Smail. Jerusalem, Yad Izhak Ben-Zvi Institute, 1982. (The Third Crusade)

B. Z. Kedar, (Ed.), Horns of Hattin. Jerusalem, 1992. SSCLE contribution on the events that led up to, and including, Saladin's victory at the Battle of Hattin which caused the Third Crusade.

Paul Murray Kendall, Louis XI: The Universal Spider. London, Allen and Unwin, 1971.

Hugh Kennedy, Crusader Castles. Cambridge, 1994.

Holger Kersten and Elmar R. Gruber, The Jesus Conspiracy: The Turin Shroud and The Truth about The Resurrection. Brisbane, Queensland, Element, 1992.

Rose Georgina Kingsley, The Order of St. John of Jerusalem (past and present). London, Skeffington, 1918. (The Military Orders)

John Kinnamos, Deeds of John and Manuel Comnenus. (Trans. by Charles M. Brand), New York, Columbia University Press, 1976.

August C. Krey, (Ed.), The First Crusade. Gloucester, 1958. (Many excerpts concerning the First Crusade)
A. C. Krey, The First Crusade. The Accounts of Eye Witnesses and Participants.

A. C. Krey, "Urban's Crusade: Success or Failure?", AHR, 53, 1948.

Crusades LLL

Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie, The Royal French State, 1460-1610. Oxford, UK, Blackwell, 19876. (Trans. by Juliet Vale)

Frederic C. Lane, Venice: A Maritime Republic. London, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973.

P. Lasko, The Kingdom of the Franks. London, 1971.

T. E. Laurence, Crusader Castles. nd?

Jack Lindsay, The Normans and Their World. London, Hart-Davies and MacGibbon, 1974.

H. V. Livermore, A New History of Portugal. Cambridge University Press, 1966.

Translated by J. L. Lamonte, Philip of Novara, The Wars of Frederick II against the Ibelings in Syria and Cyprus. 1936.

Harold Lamb, The Crusades. London: Thornton Butterworth, 1933.

John L. Lamonte, "The Significance of the Crusaders' States in Medieval History," Byzantion, 18, 1940-1941.

John L. Lamonte, Feudal Monarchy in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. 1937.

Thomas E. Lawrence, Crusader Castles. A new edn. with introduction and notes by Denys Pringle. Oxford, Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.

G. Legman, and others, The Guilt of the Templars. New York, Basic Books, 1966.

Bernard Leib, Rome, Kiev et Byzance `a la fin du XIe si cle; rapports religieux des Latins et des Greco-Russes sous le pontificat d'Urbain II (1088-1099). Paris, A. Picard, 1924.

Ralph-Johannes Lilie, Byzanz und die Kreuzfahrerstaaten: Studien zur Politik des Byzantinischen Reiches gegenuber den Staaten der Kreuzfahrer in Syrien und Palastina bis zum Vierten Kreuzzug (1096-1204). Munchen, Fink, 1981.

Simon D. Lloyd, English Society and the Crusade, 1216-1307. Oxford: Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.

Jean Longnon, Les Compagnons de Villehardouin: recherches sur les Croises de la quatri me Croisade. Gen`eve, Droz; Paris: Champion etc., 1978.

Alfonso Lowe, The Catalan Vengeance. London; Boston: Routledge and K. Paul, 1972.

Anthony Luttrell, Latin Greece, the Hospitallers, and the Crusades, 1291-1440. London: Variorum Reprints, 1982.

H. R. Lyon, The Vikings in Britain. London, Batsford, 1977.

Malcolm Lyons, Saladin: The Policies of the Holy War. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1982. (Biographies of Crusaders)

Crusades MMM

Amin Maalouf, The Crusades through Arab eyes. Translated by Jon Rothschild. London, Al Saqi Books: Distributed by Zed Books, 1984.

Magnus Magnusson, Vikings! London, The Bodley Head/BBC, 1980.

Ferenc Makk, The Arpads and the Comneni: Political Relations between Hungary and Byzantium in the 12th Century. Budapest, Akademiai Kaido, 1989.

C. McEvedy, Penguin Atlas of Medieval History. Harmondsworth, 1961.

J. O. Maenchen-Helfen, The World of the Huns. Berkeley, Calif., 1973.

Alan Macquarrie, Scotland and the Crusades, 1095-1560. Edinburgh, J. Donald, c1985.

Donald Matthew, The Norman Kingdom of Sicily. Cambridge University Press, 1992.

Hans Eberhard Mayer, The Crusades. Translated by John Gillingham. London, Oxford University Press, 1972, 1978 printing.

Hans E. Mayer, The Crusades. nd? (An important text with much detail and bibliography)

Metellus, von Tegernsee, fl. 1167, Expeditio Jerosolimitana. Erstausg. von Peter Christian Jacobsen. Stuttgart, Hiersemann, 1982. (The Third Crusade)

Philippe de Mezi`eres, (1327?-1405), Le songe du Vieil Pelerin. Edited by G. W. Coopland. London, Cambridge University Press, 1969.

W. Miller, The Latins in the Levant: A History of Frankish Greece (1204-1556). 1908.

William Miller, The Latins in the Levant: A History of Frankish Greece, 1204-1566. Cambridge, UK, Speculum Historiale, 1964. (Orig. pub. in 1908)

Charles Mills, The History of the Crusades for the Recovery and Possession of the Holy Land. Two Vols. London, Longman, 1821.

Francisco de, 3. marques d'Aitona, Moncada, (1586-1635), The Catalan Chronicle of Francisco de Moncada. Translated by Frances Hernandez; edited by John M. Sharp. El Paso: Texas Western Press, University of Texas at El Paso, 1975.

John E. Morbay, Dynasties of the World: A Chronological and Genealogical Handbook. Oxford University Press, 1990.

W. Muller-Wiener, Castles of the Crusaders. 1966.

Dana C. Munro, (Ed.), 12 Letters of the Crusaders. edited and translated by D.C. Munro. 1902.

Dana C. Munro, "Did the Emperor Alexius ask for Aid at the Council of Piacenza, 1095?", American Historical Review, 27, 1922.

Dana C. Munro, "The Speech of Urban II at Clermont", American Historical Review 11, 1906.

Dana C. Munro, The Kingdom of the Crusaders. 1935.

Dana C. Munro, "The Children's Crusade," AHR, 19, 1914.

Munqidh - An Arab-Syrian Gentleman and Warrior, Memoirs of Usamah Ibn-Munqidh. Trans. Philip K. Hitti. Princeton, 1987. (Covering the mid-Twelfth Century, Usamah provides an interesting Arabic view of the people, land and events of his day)

Thomas Patrick Murphy, (Ed.), Conference on Medieval and Renaissance Studies (5th): 1974: Ohio State University) The Holy War. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, c1976.

Geoffrey M. Myers, (Ed.), Les Chetifs. University of Alabama Press, c1980. Vols.

Usamah ibn Munqidh, (1095-1188. Memoirs of an Arab-Syrian gentleman; or, An Arab knight in the Crusades: memoirs of Usamah ibn-Munqidh (Kitab al-itibar). Translated from the unique manuscript by Philip K. Hitti. Beirut, Khayats, 1964.

Crusades NNN

Percy H. Newby, Saladin in His Time. London; Boston: Faber and Faber, 1983. (Biographies of the Crusaders)

Donald M. Nicol, The Last Centuries of Byzantium, 1261-1453. Edn 2. Cambridge University Press, 1972.

Robert L. Nicholson, Tancred. 1940.

Robert L. Nicholson, Joscelyn III and the Fall of the Crusader States, 1134-1199. Leiden, Brill, 1973.

Kate Norgate, Richard the Lion Heart. 1924.

Crusades OOO

Zoe Oldenbourg, Les croisades. Paris, Gallimard, 1965.

Zoe Oldenbourg, The Heirs of the Kingdom. Translated by Anne Carter. New York, Pantheon Books, c1971.

Odo of Deuil, De profectione Ludovici VII. Translated by V.G. Berry. 1948. (The Second Crusade)

W. M. Ormonde, The Reign of Edward III: Crown and Political Society, 1327-1377. London, Yale University Press. 1990.

Otto I, Bishop of Freising, (d. 1158), The Deeds of Frederick Barbarossa. By Otto of Freising and his continuator, Rahewin. Translated and annotated with an introd. by Charles Christopher Mierow with the collaboration of Richard Emery. New York, Norton 1966, c1953.

Crusades PPP

Marcel Pacaut, Frederick Barbarossa. Translated by A. J. Pomerans. London, Collins, 1970.

Dominique Paladilhe, La grande aventure des croises. Paris, Perrin, c1979.

Manuel II Palaeologus, Emperor of the East, 1350-1425, The Letters of Manuel II Palaeologus: Text, translation, and notes. Washington: Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies, Trustees for Harvard University; Locust Valley, N.Y.: distributed by J. J. Augustin, 1977.

Peter Partner, The Murdered Magicians: The Templars and Their Myth. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 1982.

Robert Payne, The Dream and the Tomb: A History of the Crusades. New York, Stein and Day, 1984.

E. Pears, The Fall of Constantinople: Being the Story of the Fourth Crusade. 1885.

Regine Pernoud, The Crusaders. Translated by Enid Grant. Edinburgh, Oliver & Boyd, c1963.

F. Perry, St. Louis. 1901.

Edward Peters, (Ed.), The First Crusade. nd? (Includes a long excerpt from Fulcher of Chartres and many other short excerpts concerning the First Crusade arranged around themes)

Edward Peters, (Ed.), with an introd. by Edward Peters, Christian society and the Crusades, 1198-1229; sources in translation, including The capture of Damietta by Oliver of Paderborn. Translated with notes by John J. Gavigan. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1971. (Primary Sources concerning the period, with Oliver of Paderborn's account of the Fifth Crusade)

Giovanna, Petti Balbi, Caffaro e la cronachistica genovese. Genova, Tilgher, c1982.

Petit-Dutaillis, The Feudal Monarchy in France and England, from the Tenth to the Thirteenth Century. London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1949.

Roger Peyrefitte, Knights of Malta. Translated by Edward Hyams. New York, Criterion Books, c1959.

Jonathan Phillips, Defenders of the Holy Land. Oxford, 1996.


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(Explores the serious problems which faced the the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem after the First Crusade and before Saladin's victory at Hattin)

Michel Picar, Les Templiers. Paris, M.A. Editions, c1985.

David Potter, A History of France, 1460-1560: The Emergence of a Nation State. London, Macmillan, 1995.

James M. Powell, Anatomy of a Crusade, 1213-1221. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1986. (Analyzes many aspects of the Fifth Crusade, includes careful statistical analyses and graphs)

James Powell, Muslims under Latin Rule. Princeton, 1991.

Joshua Prawer, The History of the Jews in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. Oxford, 1988.

Joshua Prawer, The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. London, 1972. (Examines the aspect of Colonialism in the Middle Ages through the Crusades)

Joshua Prawer, "Colonization Activities in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem," Revue Belge, 29 (1951)

Joshua Prawer, "The Settlement of the Latins in Jerusalem," Speculum, 27, 1952.

Joshua Prawer, Crusader Institutions. Oxford, Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press, c1980.

Joshua Prawer, The Crusaders' Kingdom; European Colonialism in the Middle Ages. New York, Praeger, 1972

Joshua Prawer, The History of the Jews in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. Oxford, Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.

Joshua Prawer, The World of the Crusaders. New York, Quadrangle Books 1973, c1972.

Denys Pringle, The Red Tower (al-Burj al-Ahmar): Settlement in the Plain of Sharon at the time of the Crusaders and Mamluks A.D.1099-1516. Survey drawings by Peter Leach. London, British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem, 1986.

Maureen Purcell, Papal crusading policy: the chief instruments of papal crusading policy and crusade to the Holy Land from the final loss of Jerusalem to the fall of Acre, 1244-1291. Leiden, E. J. Brill, 1975.

Crusades QQQ

Donald E. Queller, "The Fourth Crusade: The Neglected Majority," Speculum, 49, 1974.

Donald E. Queller, "The Fourth Crusade: The Neglected Majority," Speculum, 49, 1974. THE FOURTH CRUSADE

Donald E. Queller, Medieval Diplomacy and the Fourth Crusade. London, Variorum Reprints, 1980.

Donald E. Queller, The Fourth Crusade: The Conquest of Constantinople, 1201-1204. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1977. (Classic study of this strange Crusade)

Crusades RRR

Raimundus de Agiles, Historia Francorum qui ceperunt Iherusalem. Translated with introduction and notes by John Hugh Hill and Laurita L. Hill. Philadelphia, American Philosophical Society, 1968. (The First Crusade)

Geoffrey Regan, Saladin and The Fall of Jerusalem. London, New York, Croom Helm, c1987.

Robert de Clery, The Conquest of Constantinople. Translated by E. H. McNeal. 1936.

Robertus Remensis, (monk, 12th Cent), Historia Hierosolymitana, von Robertus Monachus in deutscher Ubersetzung. Hrsg, von Barbara Haupt, Wiesbaden, F. Steiner, 1972. (The Third Crusade)

Richard of Devises, Chronicon. Vaduz, Kraus Reprint, 1964. (The Third Crusade)

Richard of Devizes, The Chronicle of Richard of Devizes. Translated by J.T Appleby, 1963. (The Third Crusade)

Jean Richard, The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. Amsterdam, 1979. (Deals with the locals in the East, Europeans who settled there and related events)

Jean Richard, Histoire des Croisades. nd? (An important work in beautiful French prose)

Jean Richard, Croises, missionnaires et voyageurs: les perspectives orientales du monde latin medieval. London, Variorum Reprints, 1983.

Jean Richard, The Crusades: c.1071-c.1291. Cambridge University Press, English language version, 1999. Translated by Jean Birrell.

Louise and Jonathan Riley-Smith, (Eds.), The Crusades: Idea and Reality. Ed. Louise and Jonathan Riley-Smith. London, 1981. (Thematic presentation of sources from throughout the period)

Jonathan Riley-Smith, The Feudal Nobility and the Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1174-1277. London, Macmillan, 1973.

Jonathan Riley-Smith, The Crusades: A Short History. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1987.


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Jonathan Riley-Smith, The Atlas of the Crusades. New York, Facts on File, 1991.

Jonathan Riley-Smith, The First Crusaders, 1095-1131.

Jonathan Riley-Smith, The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading. Philadelphia, 1986. (Insightful examination of the ideas and sources)

Jonathan Riley-Smith, The Crusades: A Short History. nd? (A new, wider interpretation of what the crusades were)

Jonathan Riley-Smith, (Ed), The Crusades: Idea and Reality, 1095-1274. London, E. Arnold, 1981.

Jonathan Riley-Smith, (Ed.), The Atlas of the Crusades. Facts on File, New York, 1991.

Jonathan Riley-Smith, (Ed.), The Oxford Illustrated History of the Crusades. Oxford University Press, 1995.

Volker Rittner, Kulturkontakte und soziales Lernen im Mittelalter: Kreuzzuge im Lichte e. mittelalterl. Biographie, Koln, Wien, Bohlau, 1973.

John J. Robinson, Dungeon, Fire and Sword: The Knights Templar in the Crusades. M. Evans and Co., 1992.

Paul Rousset, Histoire d'une ideologie: la Croisade. Lausanne, Suisse, L'Age d'homme, c1983.

Steven Runciman, A History of the Crusades. Especially, Vol. III, The Kingdom of Acre and the Later Crusades. Cambridge University Press, 1955.

Steven Runciman,The Emperor Romanus Lecapenus and his Reign: A Study of Tenth-Century Byzantium. Sydney, Cambridge University Press, 1988 edn.

Steven Runciman, The Sicilian Vespers: A History of the Mediterranean World in the Later Thirteenth Century. Cambridge at the University Press, 1958. (For genealogical tables especially)

Steven Runciman, A History of the Crusades. 3 volumes. N.Y., 1965. (Steven Runciman, A History of the Crusades. New York, Harper and Row 1964-)


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Rutebeuf, Rutebeuf and Louis IX. Translated by E.B. Ham. 1962.

Alan Ryder, Alfonso The Magnanimous, King of Aragon, Naples and Sicily, 1336-1458. Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1990.

Crusades SSS

Marino Sanuto, called Torsello, 14th cent. Liber secretorum fidelium crucis super Terrae Sanctae recuperatione et conservatione, quo et Terrae Sanctae historia ab origine. & eiusdem vicinarumque provinciarum geographica descriptio continetur, cuius auctor Marinus Sanutus dictus Torsellus. Hanoviae, Typis Wechelianis apud heredes Joannis Aubrii, 16ll. Toronto, Buffalo Prelum Academicum Universitatis Torontonensis, 1972. folio.

J. J. Saunders, Aspects of the Crusades. 2d edn. Christchurch, Whitcombe and Tombs, 1968.

P. Sawyer, The Age of the Vikings. London, 1971.

G.T. Scanlon, (Trans.), Umar ibn Ibrahim al-Awsi al-Ansari. A Muslim Manual of War. (Being Tafri al-kutub fi tadbin al-hurub). 1961.

Sylvia Schein, Fideles Crucis: The Papacy, the West, and the Recovery of the Holy Land, 1274-1314. Oxford: Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press, 1991. (THE CHURCH AND THE CRUSADES)

Rainer Christoph Schwinges, Kreuzzugsideologie und Toleranz: Studien zu Wilhelm von Tyrus. 1. Aufl. Stuttgart, Hiersemann, 1977.

M. Sepet, St. Louis. Translated by G. Tyrrell. 1899. (Biographies of the Crusaders)

Kenneth M. Setton, A History of the Crusades. Volume I. The First Hundred Years. edited by M.W. Baldwin (1955); Volume 2. The Later Crusades. edited by R.L. Wolff (1962); Volume 3. The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries. edited by H.W. Hazard (1975); Volume 4. The Art and Architecture of the Crusader States. edited by H.W. Hazard (1977). 2d ed. Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 1969-1989.

Kenneth Setton, Harry W. Hazard and Norman P. Zacour, A History of the Crusades. 6 volumes. Last volume: Madison, 1989. (An exhaustive series of essays on each Crusade and on many related topics with extensive bibliography)

Kenneth M. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant, 1204-1571. Philadelphia, American Philosophical Society, 1976-1984.

Desmond Seward, The Monks of War: The Military Religious Orders. Hamden, Archon Books, 1972. (The military orders)

E. R. A. Sewter, translator, The Alexiad of Anna Comnena. Penguin Classics, 1969.

Elizabeth Siberry, Criticism of Crusading: 1095-1274. Oxford, Clarendon Press, New York, Oxford University Press, 1985.

Andrew Sinclair, The Sword and the Grail. London, Arrow, 1994.

George Slocombe, William the Conqueror. London, Hutchinson, 1959.

Denis Mack Smith, A History of Sicily. (1). Mediaeval Sicily, 8001713. London, Chatto and Windus, 1968.

Richard T. Spence, Pope Gregory IX and the Crusade. Thesis (Ph. D.)--Syracuse University, 1978.

Elizabeth Siberry, Criticism of the Crusade 1095-1274. Oxford, 1985. (Shows the contemporary support for, and the criticism of, the crusades)

Gerard Sivery, Louis VIII Le Lion. Fayard, 1995 (French).

R. C. Smail, Crusading Warfare, 1097-1193. Cambridge, University Press, l956. (Classic work on the subject)


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Richard T. Spence, Pope Gregory IX and the Crusade. Thesis (Ph. D.)--Syracuse University, 1978. (Biographies of Crusaders)

Edgecumbe Staley, King Rene D'Anjou and his Seven Queens. London, John Long, MCMXII.

W. B. Stevenson, The Crusaders in the East 1907.

Crusades TTT

Compilation, The Times of London, The Historians' History of the World. 1907. Volume 8.

Torquato Tasso, (1544-1595), Godfrey of Bulloigne: A critical edition of Edward Fairfax's translation of Tasso's Gerusalemme liberata, together with Fairfax's original poems. Edited by Kathleen M. Lea and T. M. Gang. Oxford: Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press, 1981.

Torquato Tasso, (1544-1595), Jerusalem Delivered: An English prose version. Translated and edited by Ralph Nash. Detroit, Wayne State University Press, 1987. (The First Crusade)

Steven Tibble, Monarchy and Lordships in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1099-1291. Oxford, Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

M. Todd, The Northern Barbarians, 100BC-300AD. London, 1975.

Henry Treece, The Crusades. London, Bodley Head, 1962.

D. A. Trotter, Medieval French Literature and the Crusades (1100-1300). Gen`eve, Librairie Droz, 1988. (Causes of the Crusades)

Petrus Tudebodus, Historia de Hierosolymitano itinere. Translated with introd. and notes by John Hugh Hill and Laurita L. Hill. Philadelphia, American Philosophical Society, 1974.

Christopher Tyerman, England and the Crusades, 1095-1588. (On how the crusade movement affected a single country)

Crusades UUU

Umar ibn Ibrahim al-Awsi al-Ansari, A Muslim Manual of War: being Tafri al-kutub fi tadbin al-hurub. Translated by G.T. Scanlon. 1961.

Richard W. Unger, The Ship in the Medieval Economy, 600-1600. Montreal, 1980.*

William Urban, The Baltic Crusade. Chicago, 1994.

Crusades VVV

Apostolos E. Vacalopoulos, Origins of the Greek Nation: The Byzantine Period, 1204-1461. Translated by Ian Moles. New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1970. 949.504.

Malcolm Vale, The Angevin Legacy and The Hundred Years War, 1250-1340. Oxford, Blackwell, 1990.

Thomas Van Cleve, The Emperor Frederick II of Hohenstaufen, immutator mundi. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1972. (Biographies of Crusaders)

Eliane Viennot, Marguerite de Valois: histoire d'une femme, historie d'une mythe. nd?

G. Villehardouin. The Conquest of Constantinople. In Chronicles of the Crusades. Trans. M.R.B. Shaw. N.Y., 1963. (A main source by a participant)

Ordericus Vitalis, (1075-1143?), The Ecclesiastical History of England and Normandy. Translated, with notes, and the introd. of Guizot, by Thomas Forester. London, H. G. Bohn, 1853-56. New York, AMS Press, 1968. (The First Crusade)

Ordericus Vitalis, (1075-1143?), The Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis. Edited and translated with introduction and notes by Marjorie Chibnall. Oxford, Clarendon P., 1969-1980.



Crusades WWW

J. M. Wallace-Hadrill, The Barbarian West. London, 1967.

Montgomery Watt and Pierre Cachia, A History of Islamic Spain. Edinburgh University Press, 1992 edn.

Anthony West, The Crusades. Illustrated by Carl Rose. New York, Random House, 1954.

William, of Tyre, Archbishop of Tyre, (ca. 1130-ca. 1190), Historia rerum in partibus transmarinis gestarum. English The boke intitulede Eracles and ... of Godefrey of Boloyne. Amsterdam, Theatrum Orbis Terrarum; New York: Da Capo Press, 1973.

William, of Tyre. Chronicle. Translated by E.A. Blaylock. 1943.

William, of Tyre, A History of Deeds done Beyond the Sea by William, Archbisop of Tyre. 2 vols. Trans Emily Babcock and A.C. Krey. N.Y., 1943. (As he was born in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, William's history stands alone for the period he covered (1095 to his death ca. 1185) and for a fairly mature historical perspective)

Robert L. Wolff, "Baldwin of Flanders and Hainhault: First Latin Emperor of Constantinople,", Speculum, 27, 1952. (Biographies of Crusaders)

D. Wilson, The Vikings and their Origins. London, 1970.

John Kirtland Wright. The Geographical Lore of the Time of the Crusades: A Study in the History of Medieval Science and Tradition in Western Europe. New York, American Geographical Society, 1925.

Crusades XXX

Crusades YYY

R. B. Yewdale, Bohemond I. 1924.

Crusades ZZZ

Prof Arthur Zuckerman, A Jewish Princedom in Feudal France. 1972.


Below are items still uncollected

Christopher Tyerman, God's War. no details, 2006. (On 500 years of The Crusades, an opus of 1000 pages!)

Some websites below

Antecedents