Merchants
and Bankers From 1775-1800
[Previous page File 9 - 1750-1775] [You are now on a chronology page for 1775-1800 filed as (http://www.danbyrnes.com.au/merchants/merchants9a.htm] [Next page File 10 - 1800-1825 ]
This webpage updated 14 October 2014. These webpages will remain under construction for a long period.
Merchants
and Bankers This Merchants and Bankers Listings website is years old and is now (from 2009) undergoing a marked identity change. Its timeline material on economic history (for 1560-1930) is being moved to a website managed by Ken Cozens and Dan Byrnes, The Merchant Networks Project. This will empty many of this website's pages which have always been in series. In due course, Merchants and Bankers Listings will carry information from the Crusades on the early development of what became “capitalism” in Europe to 1560 or so. As well as a conglomeration of data on modern developments, mostly on modern/technical industry, computing, and for the future, today's climate change problems. The editor's view is that in the context of climate change, the views of Merchants and Bankers (and Economists), the keepers of matters economic, are due for a considerable shake-up. If this website can encourage the shake-up, and help inform it reliably, well and good. -Ed
Please use the table on the main page of this website for navigating this Merchants and Bankers website.
It is hoped that this web page will be of assistance to family historians in the UK, the US and Australasia, by way of providing contexts for further research.
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The history websites on this domain now have a companion website on a new domain, at Merchant Networks Project produced by Dan Byrnes and Ken Cozens (of London). This website (it is hoped) will become a major exercise in economic and maritime history, with some attention to Sydney, Australia. |
Reference item: John L. McMullan, The Canting Crew: London's Criminal Underworld, 1550-1700. New Brunswick, 1984.
Follows here a list of English ship managers
operating 1717-1775,
shipping convicts to America: With a list of merchants shipping
convicts to Australia from 1786-1788, to 1867: The two lists will
enable completion of any research on the English use of convict
transportation in the period covered...
Please note: This
collected list has never appeared in any printed
book to date,
and did not appear on the Internet before 16-6-2002 - Dan Byrnes.
1717: Francis March, London:
1718 Jonathan
Forward, London;
1720 members of the Lux family, Darby, John, and Francis
(probably London before becoming colonials, (later linked to Jonathan
Forward's operations) and in 1750, William Lux;
1721-1722,
Jonathan Forward Sydenham of London;
1722, ? Cheston;
1731,
various men named Reed, to 1771;
1737, Joseph Weld in
Dublin;
1739, Andrew Reid, London, with James and Andrew Armour,
London,
and John Stewart of London;
1740++, Moses Israel Fonseca,
London;
1740, Samuel Sedgley, Bristol;
1740, James
Gildart,
Liverpool;
1744, John Langley, Ireland;
1745,
Reid and
Armour, London;
1745, Sydenham and Hodgson, London;
1747,
William Cookson of Hull;
1749, Jonathan Forward Sydenham a
nephew
of Jonathan Forward above;
1749, Stewart and Armour, London;
1750, Andrew Reid, London;
1750, Samuel Sedgely
and Co of
Bristol; John Stewart and (Duncan) Campbell, London (JS&C);
1758, Sedgely and Co (Hillhouse and Randolph), Bristol;
1759,
Stewart and Armour, London;
1760, Sedgely and Hillhouse of
Bristol;
1763, Andrew Reid retired;
1764, John
Stewart and
Duncan Campbell, London;
1766, Patrick Colquhuon, Glasgow;
1766,
Sedgely and Co. at Bristol replaced by William Randolph, William
Stevenson and James Cheston, Bristol;
1767, Stevenson,
Randolph
and Cheston, Bristol? with a colonial agent Cheston;
1768,
Jonathan Forward Sydenham, London or nearby counties;
1769,
Dixon
and Littledale, Whitehaven;
1769, Sedgely, Bristol; 1769,
any
ships captain providing necessary securities could transport felons;
1770, James Baird, Glasgow;
1772, John Stewart
died, Duncan
Campbell carried on alone in London until 1775.
At Bristol, Stevenson,
Randolph and
Cheston (SRC) were active till 1776; they made ill-advised and vain
attempts to transport felons to North America at the end of the
American Revolution. Wisely, Duncan Campbell (1726-1803) did not
attempt to resume convict transportation to America.
(The
above
list does not include names transporting convicts from Ireland.)
See
here, Abbot Emerson Smith, Colonists in Bondage: White
Servitude
and Convict Labour in America, 1607-1776. Gloucester,
Massachusetts, University of Carolina Press, 1947. [Peter Smith,
1965]
As a matter of silence-in-history, US
historian
Bernard Bailyn once wrote - about American reception of English
emigrants generally before 1775, (p. 4) there are... "extraordinary
facts, key facts, somehow obscured by historians of the empire
concentrating on institutions, power rivalries, mercantilism and
trade"... "...
See Bernard
Bailyn, 'The
Peopling of the British Peripheries in the Eighteenth Century',
Esso Lecture, 1988. Canberra, Australian Academy of the Humanities,
Occasional Paper No. 5, 1988.
Oddly, Bailyn
then wrote,
(page 19), "I have never found a single reference to a convict
in any genealogy or history of an American family, nor, in any other
way, does a single one of the 50,000 convicts sent to America appear
as such in American history."
In terms of American colonial
society (Virginia and Maryland to 1775), the following list of names
is interesting: The American correspondents of London-based Duncan
Campbell were mostly users of slave labour.
Here is a list
of
them: Duncan Campbell's correspondents from the index to his business
letterbook 1772-1776: including, Allison and Campbell, William Adam,
Samuel Athawes, Colonel William Brockenbrough and Austin
Brockenbrough, Dr John Brockenbrough, Adam Barnes and Johnson, James
Bain, Rev. Mr Beauvoir, James and Robert Buchanan, George Buchanan,
Robert Cockerell, Messrs Campbell and Dickson, Colin Currie, Stewart
Carmichael, William Dickson, Charles Eyles, Fitzhugh, Fauntleroy,
Richard Glascock/Glascook, Benj and Charles Grimes, Henderson and
Glassford, Rhodam Kenner, Abraham Lopez and Son, James Millar
Jamaica, Daniel Muse, Hudson Muse, Hugh McLean, Joshua Newall, George
Noble, Francis Randall, Major Henry Ridgely, Adam Shipley, William
Snydebottom, Richard Stringer, Alexr Spiers and Co., Spiers, Finch
and Co., Dr. Sherwin, William and Edward Telfair, Tayloe and
Thornton, Charles Worthington, Cooper and Telfair.
Any lists
given above of convict-transporting ship managers given for North
America, then Australia, are the mainstay-names for England's
long-use of convict transportation from 1718 to 1867.
For
more
detailed information on these merchant names as chapters arise, see
Dan Byrnes' website on convict transportation from England,
1718-1810: The Blackheath Connection
at:
http://www.danbyrnes.com.au/blackheath/
- Dan Byrnes
(otherwise indicated in these
pages as -Editor)
Note: You will
find even greater detail
than is given here, for specific periods in American - English -
Australian history, with regard to merchants, traders, bankers and
financiers, as part of the website, The Blackheath Connection...
| (Bookmark your page now)
|
| This Merchants and Bankers Listings website is still a work-in-progress |
Stop Press For late entries
Capt
Micajah Gardner, in ship Hero,
from Nantucket, in 1808, owners notnamed, is to Sydney then Peru and
Chile, (presumably whaling), see HRA 1 (9):47 see
Dunbabin,
1950; However, on 4 July 2005 arrives an email from Chris Maxworthy
of Sdney who has been working on a book on US families Jacob, and
Gardner: “Dear Dan, Can I offer a suggestion re some of your
content On page “Merchants9a” there is a reference
to
Micajah Gardner being the master of the Hero of
1808. This is
not correct. The Hero was commanded by Barnabas
Gardner, a
former Nantucket whaleman, who was employed by John and William
Jacob. The ship was British-registered, and was not a whaler, but was
smuggling contraband goods, mainly fabrics, into the Spanish
colonies. The Thomas Dunbabin article of 1950, and restated in
Cumpston's Register of Shipping Arrivals and Departures, was wrong.
In fact, Tom Dunbabin corrected the item in the following issue of
American Neptune. The Hero
sailed from Port Jackson in
September 1808 and was captured on the coast of Chile by the Spanish
corsair “La Flecha” on 28
January 1809. I have
acquired the above information in the process of compiling my book on
Jacobs and Gardner. I will be in London next month, at which stage I
hope to put some more flesh on the bones. Cheers, Chris Maxworthy.
Paul Gardner see
re a P. Gardner with whaler/sealer Favorite
(1835-1836) from
Nantucket, Capt Jonathan Paddock, for owners P. Gardner and D.
Whitney, to Sydney and then NZ and Penantipodes and Canton; P.
Gardner is owner in 1804 for sealer/trader Rose, of
Nantucket,
Capt James Carey, to Sydney, Dampier Straits south of Tasmania,
thence Canton, (note re R. Caldwell, Nantucket), see HRA
1
(5), pp. 120-122; R. F. Gardner, William B. Gardner, S. Genn,
Alexander Gibbs, Alfred Gibbs, Gibbs and Jenney, R. Gibbs, Asa R.
Gibson, Peleg W. Gifford, W. Gifford, B. Clover, Joseph R. Gorman,
Charles Grant, G. W. Gray, W. H. Gray, Greaves, James M. Green, D. R.
Greene, Samuel Greene, Grinnell and Child, Stephen Grinnell, James
Gwinn (sic), in 5-6/05, 2-3/06 is captain of whaler Anne
from
New Bedford, for owner William Rotch, Sydney and Norfolk Island,
whaling, China and England and in 9-11/1808 Gwinn on same ship
whaling for B. Rotch and in 1812 also similar by New Zealand; Henry
Gyzelaar (sic), John S. Hall/Hale, Palmer Hall, Worthing Hall, L. J.
Hamblin, George W. Hamley, ? Hamlin, ? Hamsted, Ichabod Handy,
William Handy, E. Harding, Ephriam Harding, John Harris, L. Harris,
S. W. Harris, Hartwell, Fosdick Dennis Haskell, J. C. Haskell,
Hathaway and Luce, G. Hathaway, Jabez S. Hathaway, J. S. Hathaway,
Richard Hathaway, Stephen Hathaway, T. S. Hathaway, Havens and Smith,
P. P. Hawes, S. Hawes, Shubael Hawes, Nathan B. Heath, Isaac Hedge, ?
Henchman, ? Henderson, ? Hensley, G. Hillman, W. Hirst and Co., Isaac
Hodge, C. Hoffman, E. B. Hooper, S. B. Horton, B. B. Howard, N.
&
G. Howell, A. H. Howland, Howland and Hussey;
E. T. Howland,
E.
W. Howland, Ezra T. Howland, G. Howland, I. Howland, J. and J.
Howland, Jabez J. Howland, Jacob Howland, Thomas Howland, Tim J.
Howland, William L. Hudson, Charles Huntingdon, S. & B.
Huntting
(sic), S. F. Hurd, Hussey and Co., Charles W. Hussey, F. Hussey,
Isaac B. Hussey, T. Hussey and Co., William Hussey, Ingallis and
Lucas, Benjamin Jackson, Rudolphus W. Jackson, Stephen Jarvis, Scott
Jenks, Jenney and Tripp, Gilbert H. Jenney, Isaac M. Jenney, W.
Jenney, Jones and Co., E. C. Jones, J. H. Jones, J. L. Joslin, Henry
Kable (an Australian), Randall Kelley, ? Kempton, Randall Kelley,
Kenworthy and Co., Kenworthy and Lord, Edward A. King, D. A.
Kingsland, T. Knowles, S. R. Knox, Lemuel Kollock, George W. Lamson,
Benjamin Lathrop, Lawrence and Co., Lawrence B., J. Lawrence, G. T.
Lawton, Learned and Stoddard, Alexandre Lecorre, L. Little, A. K.
Long, Simeon Lord (an Australian), ? Lovett, Thomas D. Lucas, ? Luce,
Aaron Luce and Co., S. C. Luce, ? Ludlow, I. Ludlow, Lunt and
Titcomb, ? Lyons, James McCall, McGaa, Allen and Co., D. McKenzie, ?
McKinstry, ? McLane, ? McLeave, Robert McLeave, T. and P. Macy, ?
Magee; Capt Francis Mallaby in 8-9/1796 is on trader Grand
Turk
from Boston or Salem, supercargo being Meggee, to Sydney then Canton,
see Churchward 1948, and in June-July 1794, Capt. Benjamin Page is on
trader Halcyon, from Providence, for owners B.
page, W. Megee
and others, to Sydney thence Canton, see Churchward 1948; C. Mallory,
G. B. Manchester, Andrew Mather, Edmund Maxfield, James Mayhew, ?
Meeneitzhagen, ? Megee (sic), W. Megee, William F. Megee;
Joseph
Merrihew, Thomas Mickell, ? Middleton, G. Miller/Milliar, Charles
Millett, J. H. Millett; Miner, Lawrence and Co.; B. Minturn in
4-7/1811 is owner for trader ship Milwood, from
Philadelphia,
Capt. Elihu Smith, to Sydney then to Fiji and China, see HRA
1
(7), p. 432. ;
Mitchell with initials, A., C., J., O., and
in
7-11/1805 and 7-8-1806, Capt Benjamin Worth is on whaler Brothers
from Nantucket, for O. Mitchell, Sydney and New Zealand ;
?
Moore, Israel Morey, C. W. Morgan, Benjamin Morrell, E. P. Mosher,
Edward Mosher, William H. Mosher, Charles D. Mugford, E. Mulford,
Munro and Co., Robert Murray, Charles Myrick, Neal and Co., J. Neal,
Alexander Newcombe, George Newell, ? Nickles, Howes Norris, Richard
Norton, Joseph P. Nye, T. and A. R. Nye; Capt. David Ockington, in
5-6/1800 has schooner/sealer Belle Sauvage/Savage
from Boston
for Jones and Co., to Sydney then Rhode Island, see HRA
1(2):
572 ;
J. B. Osgood, Jonathan Paddock;
Capt Martin
Page is on
trader/sealer from Providence, Hope, for owners
Brown and
Francis, to Sydney thence Canton, see Churchward 1948;
R. A.
Palmer, Avery F. Parker, Elijah Parker, F. Parker, J. A. Parker; Capt
Thomas Patrickson (probably Australian), for owner Capt Thomas
Patrickson is on brig trader Philadelphia, to
Sydney, then
Norfolk Island, China, see HRA 1 (9), p. 47 and
Churchward
1948; William H. Payne, Joseph Peabody; Capt Nathaniel Pearce in
Sept. 1799 is on trader Resource, from Providence,
for owners
J. Corlis, Wm. F. Megee and others, to Sydney then China, see
Churchward 1948; George Pell, Jabez J. Pell, Pendleton and Trumbull,
B. J. Pendleton;
; Isaac Percival, ? Perit (sic), Perkins
and
Smith, D. Perry, D. R. Perry, Jireh Perry;
; Isaac Percival,
?
Perit (sic), Perkins and Smith, D. Perry, D. R. Perry, Jireh Perry;
Capt James Perry in 1/1801 is captain on trader Follensbe
from
Newport, for Vernon and Co., to Sydney, thence China;
A.
Pickers;
Job Pierce, L. Pierce, Thomas Pierce, Philip Payne Pinel, T.
P.
Pingree, H. Pittner, William Plaskett, Plympton and Co., Pope and
Morgan, Ansel B. Pope, G. Porter and Co., Post and Sherry, F. Post,
Francis Post, Oliver Potter, Loring Potter, William Pounditch, C.
Prentiss, ? Proctor, ? Ramsdell, ? Rand, Randall and Haskell, I and
W. P. Haskell, J. and W. P. Haskell, William Raven
(Anglo-Australian), Edward S. Ray, Nathaniel Ray, Richard Ray, B.
Read (sic), Thomas Reid, Owen Reynard, William Richardson as master
has brig trader Active, from Salem, owned by Jas
Cooke, to
Hobart, Sydney, Fiji, Canton, Manila in 12/10 and 2/11; William P.
Richardson, Freeman Richmond, I. B. Richmond as owner in 2/42 and
7-8/42 has whaler Addison Capt Thos. West from New Bedford, Hobart, ,
B. Ricketson, T. Riddell, Abimileck (sic) Riggs, Cadwallader
Ringgold, A. Robeson, Rodman and Co., S. Rodman, W. R. Rodman;
Augustus D. Rogers, Rogers Brothers, John B. Rogers, Joseph
Rogers, B. Rotch, T. Rotch; William Rotch;
? Royce, Ruggles
and
Co., Edward Russell, W. T. Russell, Moses Sampson, John D. Sampson,
F. S. Sanford, Isaac J. Sanford, Peleg Sanford, Squire Sanford,
Jonathan P. Saunders, E. Sawin, John Sawyer, Benjamin C. Sayer, A. H.
Seabury, P. G. Seabury, John Searle, P. Sears, J. H. Shaw, Abner D.
Shearman, D. S. Shearman, Humphrey Shearman, James S. Shearman, John
W. Shearman, Humphrey A. Shockley, William J. Shockley; In 1804-1805,
for notnamed owners, ship Herald, of Salem, Capt
Zachary
Silsbee, to Tasmania, see Langdon, 1971; ? Silver; Bezer (sic)
Simmons, Henry Simons, ? Sissons, Ezra Smalley, Austin Smith, B.
Smith, Elihu Smith, Eliphalet Smith, Francis S. Smith, George W.
Smith, J. Smith; Capt Jacob Smith is for owner William Handy and
Jacob Smith in 10/1798 for trader Semiramis, from
Newport, to
China, see Churchward 1948; John S. Smith, Owen Folger Smith, Roger
G. Smith; Seth Smith is captain in 12/07 for owner John Dorr, of
Amethyst sealer from Salem Boston to Sydney and
fishing, see
HRA 1 (6): 319-319; Thomas H. Smith, Veranus Smith,
John M.
Sowle (sic), Thomas Spencer, W. Spooner, John H. Stackpole, G. and M.
Starbuck, Levi Starbuck, Reuben Starbuck, Simeon Starbuck, S.
Sterling, ? Stetson, E. J. Stetson, Peleg Stetson, Herman N. Stewart,
G. Stillman; Stone, Silsbee, Picknam and Allen, W. H. Stowell,
Benjamin K. Studley, G. and N. Sturtevant, ? Sumner; Swain and Co. in
12/01 - 3/02 have trader/schooner Caroline from
Boston Capt S.
Tuckerman, to Sydney to New Bedford; Obed Swain, Oliver C. Swain, ?
Sweeney, A. Swift, Swift and Allen, E. Swift, Hallett Swift, John
Swift, T. Swift, C. S. Taber, Charles S. Taber, Frederick C. Taber,
George Taber, G. H. Taber, H. Taber, Jacob Taber, John S. Taber,
Stephen Taber, J. R. Taliman, W. Tate, W. Taylor, Charles T. Terry,
I. F. Terry, Phineas Terry, Thomas and Dow, J. D. Thompson,
Christopher Thornton as master has Abigail trader
from Rhode
Island, Sydney-Manila-Canton in 2/96, , J. R. Thornton, Silas
Tinkham, Asa S. Tobey (sic), George Tobey, John Tobey, M. S. F.
Tobey, Isaac B. Tompkins, William H. Topham, James Townsend; Josh
Townsend, and in 1803 we find a schooner/sealer Independence,
from New York, (Kangaroo Islands near South Australia?) Capt O. F.
Smith with ? Wilkinson and J. Townsend, for Fanning and Co., to
Kangaroo Island, King George Sound, Bass Strait, Sydney, and same in
1804 and 1805, to Norfolk Island, lost Penantipodes, see Fanning,
1924; Henry Trapp, L. C. Tripp; ? Trotter, is Captain of snow/trader,
Susan, from Providence, owners notnamed, to Sydney thence Canton, see
HRA 1 (9), p. 47. ; J. F. Trumbull, A. Tucker, C. R.
Tucker,
J. Tucker, S. Tuckerman, James R. Turner, ? Tweedie, G. B. Upton,
Charles A. Veeder, Vernon and Co., William Vickery, John H. Wady, B.
Wallace, Otis Webb, Edward Weeks, William Weeks;
In November
1803, Lawrence and Co are owners for sealer/trader Wertha Ann
of New York, Capt Gibbs West, Sydney then China, see HRA
1
(4), p. 427; Isaiah West, Leonard West, Thomas West, ? Westfall, N.
Weston, Richard Wheatland, J. R. Wheaton, W. Wheeler, Alexander
Whelden, Whinstrop and Co.;
Capt. Coffin Whippey in 9/1807
is on
whaler Grand Sachem from Newbury, for owner B.
Rotch, to
Sydney thence Fishery, see HRA 1 (6), pp. 618-619;
D.
Whitney, I. Whittemore, F. R. Whitwell, Wiggins and Parsons, James
Wilcocks, Wilcox and Richmond, C. Wilcox, Joseph Wilcox, Preserved
Wilcox, T. Wilcox, Charles Wilkes, Williams and Barnes, Williams and
Haven, Charles Williams, C. P. Williams, J. B. Williams, T. W.
Williams; Willings and Co. in 1801 from Philadelphia send trader
Missouri, Capt. William Vickery, to Sydney and
China, see HRA
1 (3), pp. 128-130; B. W. Winslow, E. Winslow, ? Winters, D. Wood,
Daniel Woodbury, Warren Woodward, T. Woolden, Benjamin Worth, Jared
Worth, G. Writhington, C. Wyer, Obed Wyer, Youngs (sic) -
From a ghenealogy website we find - 1811, The Rapid, lost, had 330,000 Spanish dollars aboard. Capt. Henry Dorr (From a US website on Dorr family) He had a ship The Rapid, a three-masted wooden schooner of 367 tons, built in 1807 and registered at Boston, Capt Herny Dorr of The Rapid was one of the syndicate owning her. She wrecked at Ningaloo Reef near Point Cloates on the north-west Western Australian coast on the night of 7 January, 1811. She had left Boston for Canton, with a mixed cargo including 330,000 Spanish dollars. The Rapid went to pieces the day after her wrecking. (This wreck has been assessed by West Australian marine archaeologists and the site vacuumed. No salvage fortune in Spanish dollars was found.)
Ends the list
1810: W. E. Burghard DuBois, The Suppression of the African Slave Trade to the United States of America. New York, 1898. *
Advertisement
1799: As Napoleon by November 1799 has seized government and seems to have inspired a regeneration of France, he has to deal with the Austrian emperor. The national treasury of France holds only 67,000 francs. Napoleon's reaction, as usual, is extortion. He demands huge sums of money from merchants in Paris, Lyons, Marseilles, Bordeaux. Also, he extorts more millions from Dutch, Italians and Swiss at bayonet point. He demands 8-9 million francs from the Portuguese, to cover the costs of invading Italy. By March 1800, Napoleon extorted a further 10-12 million francs from the citizens and officials of Amsterdam. Just months later, he extorts more money from the Dutch, plus the use of thousands of Dutch troops for a war effort against Austria. By mid-1800, Napoleon summons the twelve most powerful merchants of Paris for extra millions for paying and supplying the French army. This is followed by demands on the twelve most important merchants of Lyons and Marseilles, but this still does not provide enough money, so Napoleon has to resort to demanding money from private individuals, including wealthy finanicer Ouvrard, for up to 62 million francs. Napoleon also refuses to return 24 million francs he had "borrowed" from banker Collot, who had helped to finance the coup of 18 Brumaire. Napoleon had Collot thrown out of his house. Much of this was kept secret from the public. War on Austria then proceeded. (See Alan Schom, Napoleon Bonaparte, p. 298-299.)
1792: Item: The New York Stock Exchange begins life under a buttonwood tree on Wall Street. (From Robert Dalton, New York correspondent for The Australian newspaper, 18 December 2003 in a story on Calpers, the largest US public pension fund accusing "the world's most prestigious stock exchange" of profiting from fraud on the trading floor".)
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