The Cozens/Byrnes
Merchants Networks Project - Updated 24 September 2012
The Cozens/Byrnes
Merchants Networks Project - Updated 24 September 2012 
[Prevous page - Timelines7 From 1780-1789] [You are now on Merchants Networks Project Timelines page filed as: From 1790-1800 - timelines8.htm] [Next page Timelines9 - From 1800-1810]
For a page in Chinese
about this website,
click on the image of the junk
This file is devoted to presenting basic Timeline information for website readers. The items are often sketchy, and some have been extracted from other websites managed by Dan Byrnes. These Timelines will be added to intermittently, as new data and new e-mail arrives. Book titles will be entered according to the timeframes they treat. -Ed
This is file Timelines8 - To go to the next file in this Merchant Networks Timelines series of files, Timelines9
| Merchant Networks Timelines | |
|---|---|
| From 1500 to 1930 | There are now 21 files in this series |
| Files are filled with data for ten-year periods (decadally) | These data have been years in compilation. Their trend is to follow the changing shapes of the British Empire. |
1790s-1800s: Then comes the official establishment of a Secret
Committee of the EICo, which secret committee had existed
unofficially before. The EICo had a staff of 16 at Canton. (As an
example of English madness, Gardner, p. 124 writes "Although they
were continually engaged in fighting, all written evidence of the
time points to the fact that the East India Company was a
peace-loving power in India.")
(Brian Gardner, The East India Company. London, Rupert Hart
Davis, 1971., p. 130, p. 161.)
Follows a list of some notable slavers operating 1789-1791 from
London, Bristol and Liverpool. The list is drawn from: An Account
of the Number of Vessels, with the Amount of their Tonnage, their
Names, the Port to which they belong, and the Names of the
respective Owners of each, that have cleared out from the Ports of
London, Bristol and Liverpool, to the Coast of Africa, for the
Purpose of purchasing slaves, in the Three Years preceding the 5th
of January 1792. House of Commons Sessional Papers of the
Eighteenth Century, Vol. 82, pp. 329-37.
London: William Lyttleton; John McNabb; John and Alexander
Anderson; the firm Anthony Calvert & Thomas King & William
Camden; James Glynn; Thomas Sharpless & Robert Heatley; George
Bollond; Richard Miles & Jerome Bernard Weuves (plus Thomas
Wilson); William Collow; Jessie Curling & Robert Curling &
Robert Moulton & John Curling & Rose Fuller & John
Dussell; George Sharpe & George Browne & William
Christopher & William Welbank & Rowland Webster & John
Middleton & Robert Smith plus executors of the late John
Langley; Josiah Culmer & John Lishman; Henry Neale Baker and
William Feilde; Samuel Farmer; John Dessell & Maxwell Nasmyth
& Robert Moulton & Charles Moulton & John Roebuck &
John Mangles & James Mangles & John Thompson & Edward
Barrett; John Mackie & Thomas Mackie & Robert Crosbie.
Here, the names Moulton are probably connected to the name
Moulton-Barrett, the name of the wife Elizabeth of poet Robert
Browning. The names Mangles are probably connected to the names
Mangles discussed elsewhere here, who via convict
contracting became connected to "the Australian trade". Camden,
Calvert and King of the Africa Co. in London organised the Second
and Third Fleet shipping to Sydney.
Bristol: Thomas Jones & Charles Harford & Thomas Rigge;
Thomas Jones; James Jones & Thomas Deane & Robert Stratton
& Thomas Rigge & Edward Watkins; Gavin Allanson; John
Anderson; John Rogers & Sir James Laroche Bart & John
Godrich & Richard Fydell & Robert Blake & John Purnell
the Younger (plus Thomas Walker); John Watkins; Thomas Deane;
Robert Hunter & Mungo Wright & Henry Keowen Hunter;
Jonathan Nash (plus Samuel Biggs), William Jenkins & Charles
Sloper; Patrick Fitz Henry.
Liverpool: Robert Bostock; Thomas Tarleton & Daniel Backhouse
& John Tarleton & Clayton Tarleton; Andrew Aikin & R.
Kendall & Ann Gibson & George Hopkins; John Dawson; William
Boats & Thomas Seaman & James Percival; John Bridge
Aspinall & James Aspinall & William Moss & John Howard
Junior & Thomas Hayhurst & William Kendall & Robert
Richardson; William Harper & Robert Brade; John Gregson &
James Gregson & James Aspinall & William Gregson Senior
& William Gregson Junior & Edward Wilson & George Case
& Andrew Black & William Begg (plus Edward Falkner, Peter
Comberbach); Thomas Layland & Thomas Molyneux; William Harper
& Robert Brade; Thomas Staniforth & John Houghton &
James Carruthers & Joseph Brooks Junior & William Denison
& Francis Ingram & Thomas Parke & Benj. Arthur Heywood
& John Sargent & Christopher Chambers & Robert
Rolleston; Thomas Parke & Bryan Smith & Thomas Hinde Junior
& Thomas Parke Junior & Thomas Morland; Thomas Foxcroft
& William Rice & James Welsh & Aretas Wharton &
George Welch & Ralph Abram & Felix Doran (plus William
Cockerell); John Dawson; John Hodgson & Thomas Hodgson Junior
& Samuel Hartley & Isaac Capstick as executors of the will
of Richard Capstick deceased; John Ratcliffe & Alice Howard
& John Brown; Ellis Bent & Robert Bent & Thomas Hodgson
& Ellis Leckonby Hodgson & Thomas Dickinson & Joseph
Mathews (plus Thomas Clarke & Benjamin Hammond & John
Whitfield Smith & Henry Newham & Thomas Pickop & Thomas
Leigh); Joseph Greaves & William Denison Junior & Daniel
Maclean & John Knox & Charles Wilson & William
Mastriter; Peter Rigby & William Ruston & Thomas Dixon
& John Penny & Moses Benson & John Backhouse; John
Fisher; Thomas Willock & James Sawrey & William Watson
& Robert Worswick; James Dover; John Webster & Thomas
Clarke & James Eckley Colley; John Dawson; Robert Ward &
Thomas Pickop & Plato Denny & John Smith (plus Joseph
Caton); Ralph Fisher & John Kewley & Patrick Kewley (plus
James Forrest, William Jackson, John Hewan); Thomas Earle &
William Earle & Francis Holland & Alexander Grierson (plus
Edward Atherton, Edmund Molineux, William Molineux); William
Dickson (plus Joseph Caton & John Small & Ralph Fisher
& William Molineux (sic) & Thomas Jolly); Thomas Foxcroft
& William Rice & James Welsh & Aretas Wharton &
Ralph Abram & George Welch & Felix Doran; John Chambres
Jones & Robert Welsh & James Hird; Alexander Nicholson
& David Christian; Alexander Willcock; James Penny & Peter
Rigby & William Rutson & John Backhouse & Moses Benson
& Thomas Dixon; Francis Ingram & Charles Butler & James
Rigby; Joseph Birch & Thomas Ryan & John Heblethwaite &
James Gibson & James Wedderburn; John Webster & Thomas
Clarke & James Eckley Colley & John Dawson & John
Houghton & Charles Wilson & John Matthews; Thomas
Staniforth & Gill Slater & John Robinson & Thomas Ryan
& Joseph Brooks & William Pole & Thomas Cropper &
Thomas Carter & James Bolton & Roger Leathom; Thomas Hinde
& Thomas Hinde Junior & William Jackson & Joseph Fayrer
& John Howard & Peter Whitfield Brancker & Thomas Parke
& Samuel Simpson; William Neilson & William Heathcote;
James Dover & Thomas Rodie & William Kerr; Ralph Fisher
& William Jackson & John Marshall.
Ends the list of slavers 1789-1791.
From 1790s: Re Tasmania, By the 1790s, sealers are increasingly visiting Bass Strait, and one people incident is this - George Briggs finds an Aboriginal mistress who has a daughter, Dolly, probably the first mixed-race baby born in Tasmania (?), later reared in Launceston. Dolly later had a liaison with ex-convict Thomas Johnson and had 13 children, apart from which they became wealthy and respected, owning more than 20 houses, some shops, a hotel, a tannery and a colliery. See Diana Wyllie, Dolly Dalrymple, from PO Box 764, Childers, QLD 4660, 2004, 85pp.
 PayPal - safe and secure |
|
If you value the information
posted here, |
1790: Whaling history: US sealers from New Haven, Connecticut,
or Nantucket, send vessels to Falkland Islands for pelts for the
market at Canton. (In 1797, US vessels first visit the seal rookery
of Mas Afuera, exchanging them for about $260,000 in merchandise at
Canton. Another US ship cleared $52,300 on a single such
voyage.)
K. Jack Bauer, A Maritime History of the United States: The Role
of America's Seas and Waterways.. University of South Carolina
Press, 1988., p. 239.
1790: First Census of the USA. Populatiion is 3.9 million with nearly 700,000 slaves.
1791: Publication by Thomas Paine of part one of his book, The Rights of Man.
1791: Bengal: First banking crisis in Calcutta.
1791: British merchant John Henry Cox dies at Canton. Thomas Beale the brother of Daniel arrives in Canton as secretary to Prussian consul. (Keswick, appendices.)
FleetBoston: Traced to slave-trading merchant
2 February 2002
What companies say today
Various documents link modern companies to antebellum slavery.
Reporter James Cox takes a look at the evidence and the companies'
responses. Error! Bookmark not defined.
FleetBoston Financial Group traces its beginnings to Providence
Bank, chartered by a group led by Rhode Island merchant John Brown
in 1791. Brown's bank is described as Fleet's "earliest
predecessor" in a Fleet timeline.
Brown was a slave trader. A partial census of slave ships in the
book The Notorious Triangle: Rhode Island and the African Slave
Trade lists him as owner of several vessels that sailed to
Africa and returned with human cargo. A typical entry names him as
part owner of the Hope, a 208-ton ship that brought 229
slaves from Africa to Cuba in 1796. Another for the same year names
him as part owner of the schooner Delight, which delivered
81 slaves to Savannah, Ga.
It is unclear whether any of Brown's slaving enterprises had a
business relationship with the bank he founded.
Fleet spokesman James Mahoney says Brown's Providence Bank was "one
of hundreds" that created Fleet. The link between Fleet and Brown
is "extremely remote," he says.
In the pre-Civil War cotton trade, the key financiers included
Britain's Barings Bros., the Anglo-French Rothschild firm and
Baltimore-based Alex. Brown & Sons. They took consignments of
cotton from so-called commission merchants, insured them, shipped
them to Europe and sold them. They also gave credit to cotton
brokers and other middlemen.
Holland's ING Group bought Barings in 1995 and renamed its
investment banking arm ING Barings. It says the original Barings
Bros. went bust in 1891 and that it acquired a successor firm with
no liabilities from the defunct Barings.
Deutsche Bank bought Alex. Brown in 1999 and changed its name to
Deutsche Bank Alex. Brown. It declines comment.
Rothschild archivist Victor Gray says his firm bought and sold
"bills of exchange" used as payment in various industries but was
not active in the cotton trade itself.
////////ends ///////
1792: Japan: Russians - Matsumae in Hokkaido.
1792: London Lord Mayor of 1792: - Sir James Sanderson.
1792: Thomas Scott is part-owner of ship Eliza he
commands, with Joseph Harding owning a greater share of ship. (Is
Thomas perhaps related to opium trader James Scott the friend of
founder of Penang, Francis Light?)
Bulley, Bombay Ships, p. 200.
1792+: Capt Francis Simpson commands ship Carron for
Bruce Fawcett and Co., this ship launched in 1792.
(Bulley, Bombay Ships, p. 209.)
1792: In Bombay, Alexander Adamson sickens of the operations of James Tate and breaks partnership with him.
1792: Elijah Coffin in April-May 1792 is captain on whaler and sealer Asia from Nantucket, to Shark Bay n/w of West Australia, Cocos Island; (Item extracted from Wace and Lovett)
1792-1793: In late 1792/1793 is trader ship Hope, from
Providence, Capt. Benjamin Page for Brown and Francis, to Sydney,
than Canton.
Capt. Benjamin Page (of US ship Hope) "probably" married
Sally Clowe of Boston, daughter of Jacob Clowe/Clough and Hannah
Gray, of Boston. They were a close-knit family living on Ship St.
in North End, Boston, although after Benjamin, Sally married Asaph
Blaisdell who had seven children in Boston. Benjamin Page is
related by marriage to Capt Thomas Patrickson, of the US ship
Philadelphia via Cape of Good Hope visiting early
Sydney by 1 November 1792.
See Bartlett on US-Aust relations, pp. 23ff; Churchward, 1948.
Capt Martin Page is on the trader/sealer from Providence,
Hope, for owners Brown and Francis, to Sydney thence Canton.
See Churchward 1948; (Item extracted from Wace and Lovett)
1793: Captain William Wright Bampton: Lachlan Macquarie and Jane once dined with him in Bombay. Sailing on one of Bampton´s voyages was his later son-in-law James Donnithorne qv. From a page at http://www.twickenham-museum.org.uk/ Macarthur had bought 30 ewes from the sheep Bampton bought. (Bampton when he arrived in Sydney in February 1793 for Captain Manning of Pitt (owned by alderman GM Macaulay of London) with 250 tons of stores was paid £9603/5/6d. See Garran and White on Merinos and Macarthur, p. 18, attributing the sheep from India bought on Shah Hormuzear arriving Feb 1793 as the foundation sheep of Australian flocks, but over-glamourising and in fact being incorrect about East Indiamen involved, ie, the involvement of the Company, although probably correct about activities of NSW Corps. See April 1974, newsletter of RAHS, Garran on Indian Sheep to early NSW, p. 7.
A Bampston descendant- e-mailer reports: My great great grandfather was Captain William
Wright Bampton. His daughter, Caroline Teresa married my great grandfather Gyula von Benke in Calcutta. My maternal grandfather (Gyula) was born in Calcutta in 1872. I would dearly love to know where William Bampton spent his last years and where he is buried. Do you have any ideas on how I might investigate this!
Another e-mailer reports: From Tess Hocking at: peterhocking2@bigpond.com - - Original Message ----- From: "Galletly"
1793: C. Northcote Parkinson, (Ed.), The Trade Winds: A Study of British Overseas Trade during the French Wars, 1793-1815. London, Allen and Unwin, 1948.
1793: China-trading firm of Cox and Beale (founded in Canton in 1787) is renamed Beale and Reid.
1793: England-India-China: Revision of charter of East India Company allows merchants to participate legally in the formerly illegal "country trade" about India, the profit from merchandise of merchants not officially connected with the East India Co.
1793: Earliest date for an entry in records of the firm which becomes Jardine-Matheson. (Keswick, appendices.)
1793: The British East India Company establishes a monopoly on
the opium trade. All poppy growers in India were forbidden to sell
opium to competitor trading companies.
(From website based on book: Opium: A History, by Martin
Booth Simon and Schuster, Ltd., 1996. e-mail info@opioids.com)
1793: England-India-China: Revision of charter of East India Company allows merchants to participate legally in the formerly illegal "country trade" about India, the profit from merchandise of merchants not officially connected with the East India Co.
Follows an impression of the family history of London Lord Mayor
of 1793, Paul Le Mesurier
Descendants of LE MESURIER Senior ...
2. Gov Alderney John LE MESURIER (c.1755) sp: Martha DOBREE of
Guernsey (b.1728;d.1754) 3. MP, London Alderman, Lord Mayor, Paul
LE MESURIER (b.1755;d.1805) sp: Margaret ROBERDAU (m.1776)
Note: there is some mystery here, as a website indicates that the
name Dobree above could also be "Perchard", another Channel Islands
name, a matter not pursued here due to the risk of making confusion
worse.
1793: ? Rogers in 1793 has US snow/trader Fairy, from Boston, owner Rogers, captain not named, to Sydney then North Pacific and China, see Cumpston, 1970; (Item extracted from Wace and Lovett)
1793: US Capt. Jonathan Carnes discovers wild pepper grows on
north coast of Sumatra and using schooner Rajab opens a
regular trade that greatly benefits Salem. His first profit was 700
per cent. US pepper handling increased in 1802 but declined after
the 1812 war with Britain. Sumatran pepper still remains a
"backbone" of Salem's trade for about 50 years.
K. Jack Bauer, A Maritime History of the United States: The Role
of America's Seas and Waterways.. University of South Carolina
Press, 1988., p. 57/
1793: USA: Fugitive Slave Act. The USA outlaws any attempts to impede the capture of runaway slaves.
20 January 1793: On 19 January, the night before he is guillotined, Louis XVI of France wonders what has happened to his mariner in the Pacific, Comte de la Perouse. Le Perouse should have arrived back in France by mid-1789, but had disappeared. See Frank Horner, Looking for La Perouse: D'Entrecasteaux in Australia and the South Pacific, 1792-1793. The Miengunyah Press (Melbourne), 1996, 318pp. Author also of The French Reconnaissance, on Baudin's voyages about Australia of 1801-1803.
1794: The Cotton Gin. Eli Whitney patents his device for pulling seeds from cotton. The invention turns cotton into the cash crop of the American South, and adds to extra demand for slave labour.
1794: London Lord Mayor of 1794- Thomas Skinner.
July 1794: Execution of French revolutionary Robespierre.
1794: US artist John Trumbull paints Thomas Jefferson presenting the Declaration of Independence to Congress. (On Jefferson, check Website: gi.grolier.com/presidents/ea/bios/03pjeff.html)
1794+: Country Captain-owner George Harrower a free mariner of
Bombay, by 1801 he is co-owner of Bombay Merchant. He works
with Parsi merchant Nusserwanjee Manackjee.
(Bulley, Bombay Ships, p. 201.)
1794: Nathaniel Smith (1730-1794), MP, governor EICo, son of
Nathaniel Smith and Anne Gould; he married Hester Dance. See Sir
Lewis Namier and John Brooke, The History of Parliament: The
House of Commons, 1754-1790. [Two Vols.] London, Parliament
Trust of Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1964., Vol. 3, p.
448.
He was a posthumous son of Capt. Nathaniel Smith of St Giles,
Cripplegate, and spent 12 years in East India Company naval
service, rising to commander and captain. He retired in 1771 and
was active as an EICo director till he died in May 1794. Namier
notes him as chairman of EICo 1783-1785 and 1788-1789. He was
deputy-chair of EICo and an MP in 1786.
1794: In 6-7/1794, Capt. Benjamin Page is on US trader Halcyon, from Providence, for owners B. page, W. Megee and others, to Sydney thence Canton, see Churchward 1948; (Item extracted from Wace and Lovett)
1795: circa: Items various: Capt Currie 1841 FP 17 HP 22;
Mark John Currie, born 1785, London, son of late Mark Currie Esq,
by Eliza, daughter of John Close, Easby, Co York, and first cousin
of Raikes Currie MP. Capt Currie rose to rank of vice-admiral, died
1 May 1874 Collington House, Thicket Road, Anerley.
Also, Raikes Currie, born 15 April 1801, member of bankers Glyn
& Co., MP for Northampton, died Minley Manor, Farnborough,
Hants, 16 October 1881.
Eliza Mumford, born 1819, Sunday school teacher, died Bromley Kent,
3 February 1884. John Mumford died Hayes in 97th year on 20 Sept
1839, as a boy was attendant on Admiral Byng. A groom and coachman
to Lord Chatam at Hayes Place; last 63 years lived at Hayes Common
a native of that parish.
(British Biographical Archives. Per Gillian Hughes in 1993.
1795: On Elder Brethren of Trinity House, London, various: In 1779 Capt. Anthony Calvert; in 1781 Sir Charles Middleton; in 1790 William Pitt Prime Minister; in 1792 Earl of Chatam; in 1793 Rt Hon Lord Grenville; in 1793 Henry Dundas; in 1795 Lord Hood; in 1799 Capt George Curtis.
1795: In 1795 Scott tried to get a Genoese commission for Mr
Hamilton (probably Robert Hamilton noted elsewhere here) to stay in
China as consul to establish a house of agency there with Mr Shank
as a partner. He wrote to William Fairlie about it (competing with
Magniac etc, presumably), Mr Shank is nephew of David Scott Senior
and chief mate on one of Mr. James Tate's ships, re links to Madras
and Bengal. (See letter D. Scott (snr or jnr?) to William Fairlie
of London, in 1795, as cited in Nirode K. Barooah, David Scott
in North-East India, 1804-1831: A Study in British Paternalism.
New Delhi, Munshiram Manoharlal, 1970., re Assam. (See also Price,
'One Family', p. 220.) There were later links (unspecified)
with Robert Campbell merchant of Sydney and David Scott Jnr.
(S. B. Singh. Agency Houses, index. p. 13.)
In 1796, Elias Hasket Derby's US ship Astrea pioneers US trade to Manila, Philippines. One item sought is rope.
The first US ship reaches Constantinople in 1786.
1795 America's Greatest Scandals -- 1795: Financial chicanery has been as much a part of America as baseball used to be, (says www.purewatergazette.net/greatestscandals.htm). Here are just a few of the USA's greatest financial scandals. The list was prepared by History News Network intern Yii-Ann Christine Chen. You'll note right off that it only took Americans about 20 years from the Declaration to create a really major financial boondoggle, the great Yazoo Land Scandal of 1795. You'll also note a couple of common threads that run through all the great scandals. First, there is always government involvement. It would be impossible to carry out a heist of massive national proportion without some help from government officials. The second thing you'll notice is that the scoundrels usually get off with a handslap. This is in the great tradition of American justice: steal a bag of potato chips or smoke a reefer and you'll be locked up for a dozen years; steal $80,000,000 through a clever stock manipulation scam and they fine you $60,000 and hire you as a consultant. (From a list by Yi-Ann Christine Chen (History News Network) on USA's greatest scandals list at www.purewatergazette.net/greatestscandals.htm)
1795: YAZOO LAND SCANDAL, Georgia -- In 1795 the state of Georgia sold 35 million acres of western land in an area known as Yazoo to four companies for half a million dollars, about a penny and a half an acre. It was the most corrupt deal in American history. Every member of the Georgia legislature but one accepted a bribe in return for their vote. At the next election the voters tossed out the thieves. The contract with the four land companies was burned. In 1802 the state sold the land to the federal government for $1,250,000. A few years later the Supreme Court ruled that the original deal, flawed as it was, was legal and had to be honored. In 1814 Congress awarded the claimants over $4,000,000. From a list by Yi-Ann Christine Chen (History News Network) on USA's greatest scandals list at www.purewatergazette.net/greatestscandals.htm)
1795: US Merchants and opium from Smyrna. J. and T. H. Perkins
of Boston establish an office in Smyrna, for purpose of purchasing
opium for the Canton market. Opium being "the leading cargo" of
American vessels in the eastern Mediterranean trade. "Despite legal
impediments raised by the Turks and competition from French
merchants, American purchasers by 1828 were buying nearly the
entire Turkish production."
(From K. Jack Bauer, A Maritime History of the United States:
The Role of America's Seas and Waterways.. University of South
Carolina Press, 1988., p. 58.)
1796: American mariner Capt. Jacob Crowninshield imports the first elephant to US from Calcutta, India. By 1796, the Derby family of Salem has developed a substantial trade from Calcutta in cottons.
1796-1798: An "unlikely" American trading depot develops at
French-held Mauritius in the Indian Ocean. Privateers prey on
British shipping. Between 1796-1798, an average of 40 US ships call
for coffee, sugar, spices, tea. This depot reaches its peak in 1806
and dies in 1815.
K. Jack Bauer, A Maritime History of the United States: The Role
of America's Seas and Waterways.. University of South Carolina
Press, 1988., p. 54.
1796: The first vaccine becomes available in Britain for smallpox.
Family of 1790s London Lord Mayor, Brook Watson
1. John WATSON of Hull sp: Sarah SCHOFIELD 2. Alderman, Canada
Merchant, Brook WATSON MP (b.1753;d.1807) sp: Helen CAMPBELL,
daughter of Edinburgh goldsmith, Colin Campbell.
1796: Capt Francis Mallaby in August-Sep 1796 is on trader Grand Turk from Boston or Salem, supercargo being Meggee, to Sydney then Canton, see Churchward 1948. (Item extracted from Wace and Lovett)
1796: The earliest US vessel to sail Californian coast is the Otter, see below, visiting Monterey. Seven years later the Lelia Bird, the first otter-fur sealer, put into San Diego. Such US sealers had to compete with a growing Russian presence on the coast.
K. Jack Bauer, A Maritime History of the United States: The Role of America's Seas and Waterways.. University of South Carolina Press, 1988., p. 57.
1796: Capt Ebenezer Dorr in Jan-Feb 1796 is on sealer Otter, of Boston, owners notnamed, to Sydney, see HRA 1 (1), pp. 568ff; and in 1811, one Capt Dorr for unnamed owners has ship or brig Brutus from Boston to Launceston and Hobart; (Item extracted from Wace and Lovett)
1797: London Lord Mayor of 1797- John William Anderson
1797: British Admiral Nelson defeats the Spanish fleet, Cape St Vincent.
1797-1799: Opium trader Alexander Shank of Magniac and Shank(s),
an agency house. Active by 1797 to 1817. Parents Notknown. He is
nephew of David Scott Snr. (Keswick, Thistle and the Jade,
appendices.) He arrives in Canton by 1797 or earlier, but dies at
sea in 1817 with total loss of ship Anna of Bombay. Opium
trade details in Bulley, Bombay Ships, pp. 108ff.) Magniac
and Shanks (Charles and Hollingworth Magniac) which after 1820 was
Charles Magniac and Co., grew out of the 1815 crash of Beale, see
elsewhere here on Daniel Beale.
(W. E. Cheong, Mandarins and Merchants: Jardine Matheson, p.
56 for Shanks' death date.)
1797: US Captain W. R. Stewart takes Eliza of New York to
Nagasaki, Japan, with Dutch trade goods. To 1809, Dutch traders
chartered other US vessels to sails Batavia to Nagasaki due to fear
the British would seize their own ships. Stewart when he returned
in 1803 found the Japanese would not deal with him or Capt. John
Derby of Salem, who had tried to open a new market for opium.
K. Jack Bauer, A Maritime History of the United States: The Role
of America's Seas and Waterways.. University of South Carolina
Press, 1988., p. 57.
1797-1806: (T1/977, Treasury Board Papers, No. 4467, 25 June, 1806): Owners of East India ships unnamed, re compensation for losses on account of their ships employed on secret expedition against Manila [Manilla sic] in Philippines in 1797.
1797: Venturi's experiments with fluid dynamics.
1797, 25 July, British naval commander Horatio Nelson has his right elbow shattered by grapeshot during an assault on Tenerife. His arm has to be amputated.
1797: A theory on sea salt-circulation is posited in 1797 by the
Anglo-American physicist Sir Benjamin Thompson (later known, after
he moved to Bavaria, as Count Rumford of the Holy Roman Empire),
who also posited that, if merely to compensate, there would have to
be a warmer (Atlantic?) northbound current as well. The fact that
excess salt is flushed from surface waters has global implications,
some of them recognized two centuries ago. Salt circulates, because
evaporation up north causes it to sink and be carried south by deep
currents. (Greenhouse Timeline)
William H. Calvin, The Great Climate Flip-Flop, The Atlantic
Monthly, January 1998, Volume 281, No. 1, pp. 47-64.
1798: Rise of Eli Whitney's factory for mass-producing muskets.
1798: British naval captain John Fearn discovers Pacific island of Nauru.
1798: Michael A. Palmer, Stoddert's War: Naval Operations During the Quasi-War with France, 1798-1801. University of South Carolina Press, part of a series on maritime history.
1798: See N. T. Hubbard, Autobiography... With Personal Reminiscences of New York City from 1798 to 1875. Pub. in 1875. *
1798: Ireland: Wolf Tone and his United Irishmen rise fruitlessly against British rule and are ruthlessly suppressed by Britain. Britain and Ireland are united in 1800.
1798: US: Capt Jacob Smith is for owners William Handy and Jacob Smith in October 1798 for trader Semiramis, from Newport, to China, see Churchward 1948.
1798: Benjamin Page is captain in October 1798, of trader Ann and Hope from Providence, for Brown and Ives, to Sydney, then China, noted by Dunbabin 1950 and 1955 and Churchward in 1948a. And in 12/1807 and 4/1808, Brown and Ives are owners for trader Eliza, from Providence, Capt. E. Hill Correy, to Fiji, wrecked.
1798: US Capt. Joseph Ropes of Salem in Recovery is first US merchant to visit Mocha on Arabian coast for coffee. He tries again by 1800-1801, successfully. This coffee trade rises to 1805 but then declines due to competition of Brazilian coffee handled by Philadelphia and Baltimore.
1798: Napoleon sets out to conquer Egypt.
1799 circa, India: About 1799 Palmer tangles with a firm, Palmer and Barber, by 1805, the EICo finances were in very sad state, with hardly enough for government purposes in India. Re Indo-Philippines trade, another source of specie for Canton treasury was via dealings with Spanish supercargoes. EICo supercargoes might borrow at high interest from Spanish for purchase of their investment in China. In return, Spanish wanted Bills on Bengal. and it was thought, perhaps this might be a way to dispense with the need for bullion from London? (See Singh, Agency Houses, p. 104, pp. 49-50).
1799: 21 March: London, Lord Melville Henry Dundas to Board of Control of East India Co., "the revenue arising from the sale of opium has been completely restored... the public is greatly indebted to Mr. Fleming, second member of the medical board, for his careful inspection of the opium". (Frank Welsh, History of Hong Kong).
1799: Death of leading Salem shipowner, Elias Hasket Derby. He has partly or fully owned forty ships and clears as much as $100,000 for a single voyage. His estate at his death is valued at more than $1 million. A second major Salem trader is William Gray, owner of 113 vessels before 1815 and said to be worth $3 million in 1809 when he leaves Salem for Boston.
1799: China's emperor, Kia King, bans opium completely, making
trade and poppy cultivation illegal.
(From website based on book: Opium: A History, by Martin
Booth Simon and Schuster, Ltd., 1996. e-mail info@opioids.com)
1799: Forbes and Co. of Bombay conduct deals with EICo to ship
cotton to China, then tea to England, as Alexander Adamson and
Bruce Fawcett and Co., had been conducting a year or two previous
by way of rounding out a novel trading circuit. Between 1803-1805,
Forbes and Co. (Charles Forbes) and Bruce Fawcett and Co. supply
EICo's Bombay Treasury with nearly £2.5 million sterling.
(Bulley, Bombay Ships, pp. 178-179.)
1799: Bankruptcy of James Tate in Bombay. Amongst other
merchants Tate inconveniences are Mr. Lennox a partner of David
Scott Junior and Co.
(Bulley, Bombay Ships, p. 183.)
| |
| Thought to be a portrait of merchant David Scott Snr. |
1799: Opium trader and East India Co. director/deputy chairman/ chairman, David Scott Senior, (1746-1805). Born Fife, Scotland. Son of MP Robert Scott and mother not known. Spouse unknown, one son, David Junior noted elsewhere here. Bulley, Bombay Ships, pp. 108ff has story on origins of Jardine Matheson as follows: first partnerships dates from 1799. An original partner with root-money declares he is Danish King's Resident at Canton, to make ruses re opium import. Two other of three major partners owe favours for recommendations from David Scott, who put in his two Shank nephews, Henry (with Beale and Reid as partner) and Alexander Shank, an East India Company servant, and secretary to Gov Jonathan Duncan, in 1803. There are connections here with a partner of David Scott Snr., Alexander Adamson and Co., as cotton-buyer. This Alexander Shank is brother-in-law of James Sibbald who has a ship named for him (Sibbald) and is an assistant to William Fairlie at Calcutta. Fairlies firm here would deal in China with Magniac and Co. Charles Magniac joins with opium partners, Thomas Beale, David Reid, Alexander Shank and Robert Hamilton by 1801. In Canton, Hamilton is appointed Genoese Consul. There is a firm, Beale and Magniac, there is a ship named "James Sibbald" also. (Bulley, Bombay Ships, p. 108.) David Scott Snr. returns to England in 1785 to become director later twice chairman of East India Company. Henry Dundas (Lord Melville) has Scott's advice and that of Adamson, both looking out for "new trade outlets". Adamson by 1801 is being charged falsely it seems as being a company servant he is dealing a sheet copper privately, an article for East India Company handling only. Adamson is exonerated. Adamson is later Marine store keeper and Bombay paymaster. Scott resigns from East India Company board in April 1802, Adamson is more or less then also forced to resign, though Adamson continues with his own private trading.
1799-1810: Nephew of David Scott Snr, opium trader Henry Shank,
of India-China, parents unknown, brother of Alexander, spouse of
Miss Sibbald, whose brother James also trades opium for David Scott
Senior's consortium. (Bulley, Bombay Ships, pp. 108ff.) He
is part of firm Shank/Hamilton to compete with Magniacs.
(See S. B. Singh, Agency Houses, index, p. 13. "A "powerful
India merchant", see Parker's essay on Scots in India, p. 205, in
R. A. Cage, Scots Abroad.)
1799: William Fairlie of Calcutta annoys David Scott in London 1799-1800 in a money-matter connected with the failure of James Tate in Bombay.
1799: John Prinsep earlier an East India Co. indigo merchant,
now in London. Prinsep also a chintz contractor by 1779. John
Prinsep had an indigo plantation near Baraset in the 24 Parganas,
called Neelganj. He also set up a mint at Putah and contracted with
govt for copper coinage for the presidency. In 1779 EICo let a
first contract for indigo for the Co. to John Prinsep who remained
the sole contractor till 1784, but Co. made losses here. Other
contractors were used. One Lt. Boyce had found a way to manufacture
indigo, but his terms were not accepted. By 1788 the Co. had much
loss re indigo. (On the later situation re indigo planters in 1795,
see Singh, p. 216.) Colvin/Bazett lost on an indigo deal of 3000
maunds (Singh, Agency Houses, pp. 106ff). Prinsep and
Saunders about the time they were dealing with Cockerell Trail and
Co. in India, shipping rice, edible in England, at the same time as
they are shipping convicts to Australia. Prinsep and Saunders in
London engaged 16 ships to proceed east to bring back rice,
Fairlie, Gilmore and Co. in India had the same idea. About this
time, 15 ships were intended from India to send rice, and 22 ships
were licenced in England to go out for rice, 37 ships in all. Henry
Dundas and David Scott both wanted such uses for India ships.
Similar dealings were desired re cotton for England. Prinsep and
Saunders might have bought 1000 tons of rice per country ships.
(Singh, Agency Houses, p. 2, p. 108ff, p. 116, p. 211, p.
216, p. 244, Note 1.)
1799: Jessop and Co. is established in Bengal. Bankruptcy of
James Tate in Bombay. By 1799 Tate had stretched himself too thin.
He is sometimes termed a US-India merchant. To 1827 he ended up
living near Cochin, India at "Paliporee" (?) Tate had ships in the
Persian Gulf trade, by 1787 he had built a ship for European
re-export trade via Isle of France (Mauritius), to carry
4000 cotton bales. By 1799 he had unsuccessful saw mills redesigned
by engineer Mr Maconachie. Tate seems to have mishandled trust
monies, and he hurt Bombay traders Charles Forbes of Forbes and
Co., Alexander Adamson (a former partner with Tate), a Parsi
merchant and Joseph Harding. Tate was secretary of an insurance
company when it is founded. When David Scott left Bombay, Tate,
Scott's partner, moved into Scott's house, Grove House, on Malabar
Point. Tate by the mid-1790s managed ten/eleven ships. He
bankrupted about 1799-1800, been partner with Alexander
Adamson.
(Bulley, Bombay Country Ships, pp. 177ff. See also an
article Phillippe Chalmin, 'The Making of a Sugar Giant: Tate
and Lyall, 1859-1989'.
(See Holden Furber, cited above, p. 247 on the first US-India
trade, to about 1795, where Tate has a draft for Bombay Parsee
merchant Dada Nasserwanji per Thomas Ketland in London re a
US-India ship.)
1799: The uncle John Forbes of the later Sir Charles Forbes, Baronet1, leaves India in 1799. This John arrived in Bombay in 1784 as a junior writer.
1799: Adamson has been a former partner with James Tate who bankrupts in 1799-1800. Before 1800 David Scott is still partner with Alexander Adamson. (The names Tate and Adamson are not found in Hodson's Lists for families in India.)
c1800: Below is a list of addresses of London bankers
1800++:
From an unnoted website on Genealogy, Local & Family History in
London, England: Leigh's New Picture of London.
List of London Bankers:
Barclays, Tritton, and Bevan, 56, Lombard street
Barnard, Dimsdale, and Co. 50, Cornhill Birch, Chambers, and Hobbs,
160, New Bond street
Bond, Sons, and Pattisall, Change Alley
Bosanquet, Pitt and Co. 73, Lombard street
Bouverie and Co. 35, Craven street, Strand
Brooks, Son, and Dixon, 25, Chancery-lane
Brown, Langhorn, and Co. 23, Bucklersbury
Chatteris, Whitmore, and Co. 24, Lombard street
Child, and Co. 1, Fleet street
Cocks, Biddulph, Ridge, and Co. 43, Charing cross
Coutts, (Thomas,) and Co. 59, Strand
Curries, Raike, and Co. 29, Cornhill
Curtis, (Sir William,) and Co. 15, Lombard street
Denison, J. 106, Fenchurch street
Dimsdale, (Hon. Baron,) Barnard and Co. 50, Cornhill
Dorien, Magens, and Co. 22, Finch Lane
Drummond and Co. 49, Charing-cross
Esdaile, (Sir James,) Esdaile, and Co. 21, Lombard-time
Everett and Co. 9. Mansion-House-street
Fry, (W. S.) and Sons, 4, St. Mildred's-court
Fuller, (Richard and George,) and Co. 84, Cornhill
Gill and Thomas, 42, Lombard-street
Glyn, (Sir R. Carr, Bart.) Mills and Co. 12, Birchin Lane
Gosling and Sharp, 19, Fleet-street
Hammersleys, Greenwood, Drew and Co. 76, Pall Mall
Hanbury and Co. 60, Lombard-street
Hankeys and Co. 7, Fenchurch-street
Herries, Farquhar and Co. 16, St. James's-street
Hoare, Henry and Co. 37, Fleet-street
Hoare, Barnett's, and Co. 62, Lombard-street
Hodsoll and Sir Walter Stirling, Bart. 345, Strand
Hopkinson, C. and E. and Co. Waterloo Place
Jones, Lloyd, Hulme, and Co. 43, Lothbury
Ladbrokes, Watson, and Gillman, Bank Buildings
Lees, Satterthwaite, Brassey, and Co. 71, Lombard-street
Lubbock, Sir J. W. and Co. 11, Mansion-House-street
Marsh, Sibbald, Sir J. Stracey, and Co. Berners'-street
Marten, Hale, and Call, 25, Old Bond-street
Martins, Stone, and Martin, 68, Lombard-street
Masterman, Peters, Walker, Mildred, and Co. 2, White Hart-court,
Lombard-street
Merle, (Wm.) and Co. 2, Cox's-court, Little Britain
Minet and Fector, 21, Austin Friars
Morland, and Co. 57, Pall Mall
Nicholson and Co. 32, Abchurch Lane
Pares and Heygate, 25, Bridge-street, Blackfriars
Paxton, Corkerill, and Co. Austin Friars
Perring, (Sir J. Bart.) and Co. 72, Cornhill
Pole, (Sir Peter, Bart.) and Co. 1, Bartholomew Lane
Praeds, Mackworth, and Newcombe, 189, Fleet-street
Prescott, Grote, and Co. 62, Threadneedle-street
Price and Co. 1, Mansion-house-street
Ransom and Co. 34, Pall Mall
Rogers, Towgood, and Co. 29, Clement's Lane, Lombard-street
Sansom and Postlethwaite, 65, Lombard-street
Sikes, Snaith, and Co. 5, Mansion-House-street
Smith, Payne and Co. George-street, Mansion-House
Snow, Sandby, and Paul, 217, Strand
Spooner and Attwoods, 27, Gracechurch-street
Stephenson, Remington, and Smith, 69, Lombard-street
Stevenson and Salt. 80, Lombard-street
Vere, Smart, Baron, and Co. 77, Lombard street
Wentworth, Chalmer, and Co. 25, Threadneedle street
Weston, Pinhorn, and Co. 37, Borough
Williams, Son, Moffat, and Co. 20, Birchin Lane
Willis, Pervical and Co. 76, Lombard street
Wright, T. and Co. 5 Henrietta street, Covent Garden.
---Ends the list---
1718-1867: On the English Convict Contractors 1718-1867 - in the
chronological order of their involvements:
Evidently, the merchants active in the convict service between
England and North America after 1717 had survived the South Sea
Bubble well. After 1717, a list of the names of British convict
contractors to North America (in roughly the chronological order of
their first appearance in records) would include:
1717: Francis March, London: 1718 Jonathan Forward, London; 1720
members of the Lux family, Darby, John, and Francis, probably
London (later linked to Jonathan Forward's operations) and in 1750,
William Lux; 1721, 1722, Jonathan Forward Sydenham of London; 1722,
Cheston, ?; 1731, various men named Reed, to 1771; 1737, Joseph
Weld in Dublin; 1739, Andrew Reid, London, with James and Andrew
Armour, London, and John Stewart of London; 1740ff, Moses Israel
Fonesca, London; 1740, Samuel Sedgley, Bristol; 1740, James
Gildart, Liverpool; 1744, John Langley, Ireland; 1745, Reid and
Armour, London; 1745, Sydenham and Hodgson, London; 1747, William
Cookson of Hull; 1749, Jonathan Forward Sydenham a nephew of
Jonathan Forward; 1749, Stewart and Armour, London; 1750, Andrew
Reid, London; ; 1750, Samuel Sedgely and Co of Bristol; John
Stewart and (Duncan) Campbell, London (JS&C); 1758, Sedgely and
Co (Hillhouse and Randolph), Bristol; 1759, Stewart and Armour,
London; 1760, Sedgely and Hillhouse of Bristol; 1763, Andrew Reid
retired; 1764, John Stewart and Duncan Campbell, London; 1766,
Patrick Colquhuon, Glasgow; 1766, Sedgely and Co at Bristol
replaced by William Randolph, William Stevenson, James Cheston,
Bristol; 1767, Stevenson, Randolph and Cheston, Bristol? with a
colonial agent Cheston; 1768, Jonathan Forward Sydenham, London or
nearby counties; 1769, Dixon and Littledale, Whitehaven; 1769,
Sedgely, Bristol; 1769, any ships captain providing necessary
securities could transport felons; 1770, James Baird, Glasgow;
1772, John Stewart died, Duncan Campbell carried on alone in London
until 1775. At Bristol, Stevenson, Randolph and Cheston (SRC) were
active till 1776; they made ill-advised and vain attempts to
transport felons to North America at the end of the American
Revolution. Wisely, Duncan Campbell did not.
The above list has been re-compiled from myriad information
compiled by historians working independently between 1933 and 1987
on the original documentation of transportation to North America.
[Historians such as A. E. Smith, Oldham, Coldham -[Peter Wilson
Coldham, Emigrants in Chains. Phoenix Hill, Far Thrupp,
Stroud, Gloucestershire, Allan Sutton, 1992.], Eris O'Brien, Shaw,
Ekirch [Roger A. Ekirch, Bound for America: The Transportation
of British Convicts to the Colonies, 1718-1775. Oxford
University Press. And also, importantly, Roger A. Ekirch, 'Great
Britain's Secret Convict Trade To America, 1783-1784',
American Historical Review, Vol. 89, No. 5. December 1984.,
pp. 1285-1291.] and Kenneth Morgan, 'The Organisation of the
Convict Trade To Maryland: Stevenson, Randolph and Cheston,
1768-1775', William and Mary Quarterly, 3rd series, Vol.
42, No. 2, April, 1985., pp. 201-227. ]
Often-mentioned merchants were obviously stayers in the convict
service .[John M. Hemphill, Virginia and the English Commercial
System, 1689-1733. London, Garland, 1985. [Facsimile of a 1964 Ph.D
thesis, Princeton University, pp. 152ff, on matters such as changes
in tobacco export inspection procedures from 1713 to 1730, prior to
consideration of the 1733 Excise Act instigated by Walpole. By 1713
(Marcus Rediker, Between The Devil and the Deep Blue Sea:
Merchant Seamen, Pirates and the Anglo-American Maritime World,
1700-1750. Cambridge, 1987., p. 281) Virginia merchants
remained very apprehensive about pirates disturbing trade. ]
Notably in maritime terms, merchants shipping felons had a commercial advantage over their competitors - their voyage out was partly or wholly paid. The merchants' inconvenience was that they had to wait till convicts became available from the courts before despatching a ship outward, and given the seasonal nature of shipping colonial tobacco home, this did not always suit ship turn-arounds.
Follows an impression of the family history of London Lord Mayor
1799 Sir Harvey Christian Combe
The name Saunders here is possibly connected with the name Saunders
with the London firm about 1800 of (John) Prinsep and Saunders)
Descendants of solicitor (lawyer) Harvey COMBE (b.1716;d.1787) and
sp: Christian JARMAN-23346 (d.1774)
2. Lord mayor London COMBE Harvey Christian (b.1752;d.4 Jul 1818)
sp: Alice Christian Tree COMBE (d.1828)
3. Boyce COMBE (b.1789;d.1864) sp: Caroline JONES cousin 4. Boyce
Harvey COMBE sp: Anne Sarah SHARPE 3. Charles James Fox COMBE
(b.1797) sp: Eliza ROBERTS, wife2
4. Charlotte COMBE, cousin sp: Joseph DELAFIELD sp: Henrietta
CHURCH 4. Richard Henry COMBE sp: Esther Fanny HOLLOWAY 3. Emily
Christian COMBE sp: MP William WARD (b.1787) 4. Writer, William
George WARD (b.1812) sp: Frances NOTKNOWN 4. Lord Admiralty Robert
Plumer-Ward WARD (b.1765) sp: Jane HAMILTON sp: Mary Anne ANSON sp:
Catherine Julia MALING (m.1796) 4. Henry WARD (b.1788) sp: Harriet
DAVIES 4. Charity Cherry WARD wife2 (b.1787;d.29 May 1817) sp: Dr.
William SAUNDERS, FRS (b.9 Jul 1743;m.15 Sep 1781;d.1817)
(This Dr. Saunders may be of a family with a member Saunders part
of the London firm (John) Prinsep and Saunders - details
unsure)
4. James Duff WARD (b.1800;d.1831) sp: Harriet Marcia SEYMER
(m.1827) 4. Harriet WARD (c.1827) sp: RN Commander John Leigh
BECKFORD (m.1828) 3. Charlotte COMBE sp: Brewer Joseph DELAFIELD
(b.14 Jan 1791;m.6 Jan 1819) 2. Lawyer, Capt. Boyce Tree COMBE
(b.1756;d.1835) sp: Miss NOTKNOWN
3. Alice Christian Tree COMBE (d.1828) sp: Lord mayor London Harvey
Christian COMBE (b.1752;d.4 Jul 1818)
4. Boyce COMBE (b.1789;d.1864) 4. Charles James Fox COMBE (b.1797)
4. Emily Christian COMBE 4. Charlotte COMBE
3. Henry COMBE Of London (c.1800) sp: Ann ST BARBE (b.1788;d.1864)
sp: Miss NOTKNOWN 3. Alice Christian Tree COMBE (d.1828) 3. Henry
COMBE Of London (c.1800)
From 1791, owners of American (US) ships passing near Australia or calling to Sydney included (Information per Wace and Lovett)
1792: Elijah Coffin in April-May 1792 is captain on whaler and
sealer Asia (owners unknown) from Nantucket, to Shark Bay
n/w of West Australia, Cocos Island; (Item extracted from Wace and
Lovett)
1792-1793: From Providence, Brown and Francis, in late 1792/1793
with trader ship Hope, Capt. Benjamin Page, to Sydney, than
Canton. Also, Capt Martin Page is on trader/sealer from Providence,
Hope, for owners Brown and Francis, to Sydney thence
Canton.
1793: Boston: ? Rogers in 1793 has snow/trader Fairy, owner
? Rogers, captain not named, to Sydney then North Pacific and
China.
1794: From Providence, in 6-7/1794, Capt. Benjamin Page is on
trader Halcyon, for owners B. page, W. Megee and others, to
Sydney thence Canton.
1796: From Boston, Capt. Ebenezer Dorr in Jan-Feb 1796 is on sealer
Otter, to Sydney. (And in 1811 one Capt Dorr for unnamed
owners has ship or brig Brutus from Boston to Launceston and
Hobart.
1796: Boston/Salem: Capt Francis Mallaby in August-Sep 1796 is on
trader Grand Turk, supercargo being Meggee, to Sydney then
Canton.
1798: Providence: Benjamin Page is captain in October 1798, of
trader Ann and Hope for Brown and Ives, to Sydney, then
China. And in December 1807 and April 1808, Brown and Ives are
owners for trader Eliza, from Providence, Capt. E. Hill
Correy, to Fiji, wrecked.
1798: Newport: Capt Jacob Smith is for owners William Handy and
Jacob Smith in October 1798 on trader Semiramis, to
China.
1799-1800-1801: New Bedford; Capt Andrew Gardner in March 1799 is
on whaler and trader Rebecca, owners notnamed, for Sydney
thence China. In 1800, Jared Gardner has sealer Diana from
New Bedford for Rodman and Co., to Sydney then China and in 7/1801
Diana is sealer/trader from New York Capt Jas. McCall,
"passed n./w point of New Holland", to Whampoa, China.
1785-1798: US inventor John Fitch tries to perfect his design
for a steamboat. Rumsey had been similarly experimenting in the
Upper Potomac River, Virginia. Rumsey had the backing of such as
George Washington, but failed to produce a useful result. Still, by
1790 Rumsey had two boats on regular service between Philadelphia
and Trenton, which "must be considered the first commercial use of
steamboats".
See K. Jack Bauer, A Maritime History of the United States: The
Role of America's Seas and Waterways.. University of South
Carolina Press, 1988., p. 68.
Below are items still uncollected
1788+: "Australian history is almost always picturesque; indeed it is so curious and strange that it is itself the chiefest novelty the country has to offer, and so it pushes the other novelties into second and third place. It does not read like a history, but like the most beautiful lies, and all of a fresh new sort, no mouldy old stale ones. It is full of surprises and adventures, and incongruities, and contradictions and incredibilities; but they are all true, they all happened." Mark Twain, Following The Equator. Quoted in article in The Age, August 15, 1990, by Jenny Brown, Whose History Is This? - an article on the need for revisions of Australian History.
1788: History - "Getting its history wrong is part of being a nation." - Ernest Renan, quoted in Linda Colley, Britons, p. 20.
1788+: "....It is still curious that the intense and rather spectacular early maritime experience should have left so little mark upon the [Australian] national character. Perhaps there was at work some conscious repudiation of a tradition that was too closely associated with a Britain that had cast them out to that distant shore and appeared to have forgotten them ..." John Bach, Australian maritime historian.
1783 Spanish start shipping sea otter pelts from Acapulco. (Item re fur trade and North-West America) 1785 Publication of Cook's voyage; Russian association of merchants formed in Siberia to collect furs; first of regular fur traders Captain James Hanna in British vessel. (Item re fur trade and North-West America) 1787 First American expedition from Boston, Columbia (220 tons) and Washington (90 tons), commanded by John Kendrick and Robert Gray; "Northwest Company" formed in Canada to carry on fur trade outside the monopoly granted to the Hudson Bay Company. (Item re fur trade and North-West America)
1790++ - The Money family history is extensive and it is often
difficult to know which individual might be mentioned in a
citation:
Follows an impression of some relevant genealogy here:
Descendants of Robert MONEY
1. Robert MONEY sp: Miss NOTKNOWN 2. EICo director Capt. William
MONEY (b.1738;d.1796) sp: Martha TAYLOR (b.1738;m.1767;d.1796) 3.
Fawcett and Co., William Taylor MONEY, MP (b.1769;d.1839) sp:
Eugenia MONEY
4. William MONEY (b.1802;d.1890) 4. Robert Cotton MONEY
(b.1803;d.1835) 4. Rev James Drummond MONEY (b.1805;d.1875) sp:
Clara Money-Coutts BURDETT-COUTTS (m.1850)
5. Francis Burdett Money COUTTS Lord Latimer (b.1852;d.1923) sp:
Edith Allen CHURCHILL (m.1900)
6. Coutts Bank staffer, Hugh Burdett MONEY-COUTTS Baron6 Latymer
(b.1876;d.1914) sp: Hester Frances RUSSELL (m.1900)
7. Coutts banker Thomas MONEY-COUTTS Baron7 Latymer (d.1987) sp:
Miss NOTKNOWN
8. Hugo Nevill MONEY-COUTTS Baron8 Latymer (b.1926)
7. Alexander MONEY-COUTTS sp: Miss NOTKNOWN
8. Banker, Sir David Burdett MONEY-COUTTS sp: Miss NOTKNOWN;
4. George William MONEY (b.1806;d.1830) 4. David Inglis MONEY
(b.1807;d.1880) 4. Eugenius MONEY (b.1809;d.1827) 4. Mary Eugenia
MONEY (b.1812;d.1893) 4. Charles Forbes Septimus MONEY
(b.1817;d.1893)
3. Harriet MONEY; 3. EICo merchant James MONEY (b.1772;d.1833) sp:
Elizabeth NOTKNOWN Illegit 3. Jane MONEY (d.1802) 3. EICo merchant
Robert MONEY (b.1775;d.1803) 3. Martha MONEY (b.1778;d.1839) sp:
Bombay, Forbes and Co merchant, David Deas INGLIS
(b.1778;m.1806;d.1839) 4. Dir Elsie Maud INGLIS (Heroine of Serbia)
(b.1824;d.1917) 4. Merchant, David Forbes John INGLIS
(b.1821;d.1894) sp: Harriet Lowis THOMPSON (b.1827;m.1845;d.1885)
5. George INGLIS (b.1847) 5. Eva Helen INGLIS (b.1866) sp: Dr John
Shaw MCLAREN (c.1904;m.1899) 6. Agnes M. S. MCLAREN Mrs (b.1904)
sp: Edmund MADDOX; 5. Amy INGLIS (b.1848;d.1929) sp: Robert SIMSON
(m.1870)
4. soldier Ernest INGLIS (b.1857) sp: Florence D'OYLY (m.1886) 4.
George INGLIS
3. Maria MONEY sp: Vice-Admiral Roland-Rowland MONEY
(m.1805;d.1860) 4. Bengal CS Rowland MONEY (b.1812;d.1869) sp: Mary
Ann TOMBS (d.1865); 4. Eva Maria MONEY (b.1824;d.1877) sp: EICo
College, work in Burma, Sir Ashley EDEN (b.1831;d.1887) sp: H. E.
M. PALMER - sp: J. M. BELLEW; 4. Lt. David Inglis MONEY
(b.1819;d.1843); 4. George James Gambier MONEY Died Young
(b.1827;d.1829)
3. Wigram MONEY (b.1784;d.1836); 3. Henry William MONEY
(b.1786;d.1825); 3. George MONEY Died Young (b.1787); 3. Septimus
MONEY (b.1787;d.1824) 3. Emma MONEY; 3. Caroline MONEY; (d.1894)
sp: William Percival BOXALL (b.1814;m.1845;d.1898); 3. Sarah
MONEY.
1789: Bengal, Indigo (source of fabric dye) is planted for first time by British (see career of John Prinsep).
1789-1791: In US, Samuel Slater arrived in New York in 1789 to
construct a cotton spinning mill. He contacts wealthy Providence,
Rhode Island merchant/shipper, Moses Brown, who provides capital
for mill at Pawtucket "from which sprang the American industrial
revolution".
K. Jack Bauer, A Maritime History of the United States: The Role
of America's Seas and Waterways.. University of South Carolina
Press, 1988., p. 63.
Duncan Campbell (1726-1803) the subject of other files in website "The Blackheath Connection".
Camden, Calvert and King and others of Africa Company of their era, the 1780s and 1790s.
Circa 1790:
See also: Mui Hoh-cheung and Lorna M. Mui, 'William Pitt and the Enforcement of the Commutation Act, 1784-1788', English Historical Review, Vol. LXXVI, No. 300., July 1961.; Mui Hoh-cheung and Lorna M. Mui, 'The Commutation Act and the Tea Trade in Britain, 1784-1793', Economic History Review, Series 2, Vol. XVI, No. 2, December 1963. Mui Hoh-cheung and Lorna M. Mui, 'Smuggling and British Tea Trade before 1784', American Historical Review, Vol. LXXIV, No. 1, October 1968.; Mui Hoh-cheung and Lorna M. Mui, 'Trends in Eighteenth Century Smuggling Reconsidered', Economic History Review, Series 2, Vol. XXVIII, No. 1, Feb 1975.
1770-90: Japan: The Tamuma Period of political corruption.
1789-1790: Ship Massachusetts is built at Quincy in 1789 for US-China trade, badly, with unseasoned white oak. By the time she got to Canton, she and her cargo of timber and barrelled beef were rotted and decayed, and she was sold.
1790+: George E. Brooks Jr., Yankee Traders, Old Coasters and African Middlemen. Boston, 1970. *
1790: Works Progress Administration (WPA), (Compilation), Boston Looks Seaward. Boston, 1941. Also producing WPA, A Maritime History of New York. New York, 1973.*
1790: USA: Two Quaker petitions arrive to the House of
Representatives in February 1790, prompting a debate on
slavery. The USA now has about 700,000 black slaves. Charles
Pinckney of South Carolina said: "South Carolina and Georgia cannot
do without slaves."
See K. Jack Bauer, A Maritime History of the United States: The
Role of America's Seas and Waterways.. University of South
Carolina Press, 1988., p. 66, North Carolina alone in the 1790s
took in up to 15,000 slaves per year.
1790: In 1790 as British Creditors, Champion and Dickason claim £182,385 of debts in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, and Maryland.
1790: Item: A Loyalist in South Carolina, Alexander Inglis, is killed during a duel in 1790. He was son of Hugh Inglis and his second wife Katherine McLean. Alexander married Mary Deas, a relative of Deas noted above. This Alexander before his death had taken in some orphans; he also had three daughters and one son of his own. (Alexander's grand-daughter was the British heroine of World War One in Serbia, Dr Elsie Inglis. This Alexander was related to a later-operating Bombay merchant, David John Forbes Inglis, son of David Deas Inglis and Martha Money (of the London-based family, Money). This David John married Harriet Thompson. (Thompsons are noted in Hodson's lists.)
1790: A "cheerful ship" brought $50,000 from China to Bombay,
possibly the first instance of specie being exported from
China.
(S. B. Singh, Agency Houses, p. 44.)
1792: Panic in the USA. (List of dates for financial crashes and panics)
1793: Britain has some financial panic. (List of dates for financial crashes and panics)
Mid-1790s: Britain: wartime inflation due to war with France. (List of dates for financial crashes and panics)
1790-1800: Opium trader David Reid. Active by 1800. Parents
Notknown.
(See Bulley, Bombay Ships, p. 63, pp. 108ff re opium. W. E.
Cheong, Mandarins and Merchants: Jardine Matheson, p.
10.)
Below are items still uncollected
This free script provided by
JavaScript Kit
View web stats from www.statcounter.com/ for this website begun 4 July 2006