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7. Perkins Ann Maynard-8062 (James , Edmund , Edmund , Progenitor ) died in Smallpox.
She is sister of Thomas Handasyd Perkins. Entry in Dict Am Biog for her husband.
Ann married Captain Cushing Robert-8061 son of Cushing John-177733 and Barker Deborah-178409. Robert was born in 1755 in Scituate Mass.
Code-US. He is related to Caleb Cushing. He joins the TH Perkins firm. He is sixth generation of his family in America. Chaitkin. Treason in America, p. 124. Email per Linda Minor.
Robert and Ann had the following children:
+ 15 M i Asia house merchant opium dealer Cushing John Perkins-8056 was born on 22 Apr 1787. He died on 12 Apr 1862. + 16 F ii Cushing Ann (Nancy) Maynard-177455 was born in 1782. She died in 1847.
8. China trader, Senator Mass, fur trader Perkins Thomas Handsyd-49482 (James , Edmund , Edmund , Progenitor ) was born on 15 Dec 1764. He died on 11 Jan 1854.
Code-US. Code-red. The items of correspondence below are all taken from various sections of The Cabot Genealogy edited by Briggs. Briggs in p. 587 of Vol II says merchants get out of slaving and transferred to opium. Col. John Cushing is father of Rbt Cushing. Below is also from websites general - Sea Otter fur traders on the Northwest Coast of North America - Contents. The Sea otter.
Background. website Seal hunting was an important subsistence activity from the time of first human settlement in New Zealand (Smith 1985, 1989), and some of the early European explorers also took seals for food, used their skins to repair rigging and rendered their fat for lamp oil (McNab 1907: 24). However the focus of this study is exploitation for commercial gain rather than subsistence need.NZ website - As an industry, sealing began in New Zealand in 1791 or 1792 and continued
until 1946. Although the principal concern of this study is with sealing on the New Zealand mainland, it is essential to consider this within a broader regional context (Fig. 1). Patterns of activity in New Zealand were strongly influenced by the discovery and exploitation of sealing grounds on islands further south, and sealing voyages ‘to New Zealand’ often also visited these subantarctic
islands. There were also close links with Bass Strait and the south-eastern coast of Australia, particularly during the earliest phase of sealing (Hainsworth 1967). The New Zealand sealing region is defined here as the New Zealand mainland and the Antipodes, Auckland, Bounty, Campbell, Chatham, Macquarie and Snares Islands (Fig. 1). Although Macquarie Island was, from 1825, a
dependency of Tasmania, it is included here because it was clearly viewed by the sealers as part of the ‘New Zealand grounds’ and the vast majority of voyages touching there operated from or via the New Zealand mainland (Cumpston 1968). Evidence from throughout this region is utilised in reconstructing the historical development of the New Zealand industry in sections 3 and 4 of this study, but the more detailed consideration thereafter concentrates solely upon the New Zealand mainland coasts.The establishment in 1788 of the Port Jackson convict settlement in what was to become Sydney, Australia provided the principal base from which this search extended into the southern Pacific. The first explorations in this area in 1791- 92 were by British ships transporting convicts to the penal colony and seeking return cargoes that could be exchanged in Canton or Macao for spices, teas and
silks for on-sale in Europe (Richards 1996: 41).Below is from a website - The first known occurrence of seals being hunted and killed by humans dates back to the Stone Age. Without fur seals the Eskimos or Inuits of North America and Siberia would not have been able to survive. There is also evidence that the people living on the islands and shores of north west Europe and the Baltic Sea were using clubs to kill seals and made implements from seal bones in the Stone Age (more than 10,000 years ago). The killing of seals for commercial purposes can be dated back to the Spanish in 1515 when a cargo of fur seal skins was sent from Uruguay to the markets in Seville, Spain. There is also some evidence that fur seals skins were being traded in South Africa over 300 years ago.
The international sealing industry had its origins as early as 1610, when Dutch sailors took African seals for both oil and hides, and by the early 18th century Russian traders were shipping fur seal skins from the Aleutian Islands to China (Busch 1985: 7-9).
1740 Circa: The Russians began moving into the North Pacific in the seventeenth century. They soon encountered the sea otter and realised the potential commercial value of the animal's pelts. However, news of the trade did not travel far. About the same time, the Spanish reached Alta California where one of the sub-species of the sea otter lived amongst the kelp beds off the coast. The waters off California were much warmer than further north and the fur of the Californian animals was not as dense as that of its northern cousins. Its potential as a valuable trading item was not developed therefore.
website - However it was not until the 1770s that sealing became a major commercial enterprise. In 1775 a fleet of American whaling ships
congregated at the Falkland Islands to complete their cargoes with oil taken from elephant seals for sale on the English market (Busch 1985: 6). In 1778 both seal skins and oil were brought back by English sealers from South Georgia and the Magellan Straits (Jones 1986: 254). Elephant seal oil was valued as an odourless and smoke-free fuel for lighting, and was also used as a lubricant. The skins of these animals were sometimes used for making leather, but those of the fur seals were most highly prized (Fig. 2). The fur could be removed from the skin and used in making felt, but the pelts could also be used for clothing as long as the coarse outer guard hairs were separated from the soft under-fur. An economical method for doing this was first developed in China about the middle of the 18th century (Busch 1985: 8), making this country the earliest major market for seal skins. Development of the American and European fur trade with China was stimulated largely by
publication in 1783 and 1785 of accounts of James Cook’s last Pacific voyage which described the enormous demand and high prices for furs in North China. By 1786 American traders were selling dried fur seal skins in Canton, as were four British East India Company ships by 1793. Canton remained the major market until 1803 when oversupply caused a significant drop in price (Hainsworth 1972: 148; Richards 1995: 20). The London market was being supplied regularly with seal skins and oil from the early 1790s, mostly by British South Sea whalers, as duties imposed on foreign cargoes discouraged American merchants from sending vessels there (Busch 1985: 6).website - But these activities were on a very small scale. As W. N. Bonner says “the real onslaught began in about 1775 when the South Sea Whalers roamed the oceans of the Southern Hemisphere” and discovered the islands where fur seals had been living oblivious to man.
From an American point of view, the first large commercial cargo of 13,000 seal skins from the Falkland Islands were sold in Canton, China for US$5.00 each in 1775. Once the news of the fur seals in the Southern Oceans reached other ship owners and ship captains many more ships set off in search of fur seals. The commercial activity in sealing had by now become a mixture of killing fur seals to collect their skins and killing the larger elephant seals and reducing the blubber of this animal into oil. The seal oil was used for lighting, lubrication and manufacturing. According to Dr H. R. Mill, English sealers brought back from the Isle of Georgia and Magellan Strait as many as 40,000 seal skins and 2,800 tons of elephant oil in 1778. In 1791, no less than 102 vessels, averaging 200 tons burden and manned by 3000 sealers, were engaged in securing fur seals and oil in the southern ocean. Dr Mill’s statements have not been verified by more recent research.
It was left to James Cook's third Pacific voyage to bring the pelt of the sea otter to the world's attention. From the mid-1780s onwards, commercial ships, mainly from Britain and America, arrived in large numbers in the North Pacific to exploit the pelts. Unlike the Spanish ships that were already sailing in these waters that were mainly Government ships, the British and American ships belonged to private commercial ventures based in London, India, Macao and Boston. In the mid-1780s, the Royal Navy had laid off many of its officers on half pay and there was, therefore, a large pool of experienced sailors ready to command ships for these companies.
James Cook visited Nootka Sound on the Northwest Coast in 1778 and this inlet was the base from which most of the fur traders operated, even after the Spanish had occupied it 1789. There are records for many of the ships that sailed to the North Pacific in this period and this text will draw from most of them. However, some ships were lost without trace while others visited the region but left no written account of their travels. Occasionally these ships receive passing mention in the known narratives.
website - James Cook's third voyage to the Pacific visited the Northwest Coast of America, Alaska and Kamchatka. During the course of the voyage, his crew traded with local people and the expedition acquired many sea otter pelts. When the ships reached Macao, the pelts were sold in Canton for a considerable sum of money. The news of this transaction, in 1780, quickly spread and soon companies were forming plans to sail to the North Pacific to exploit this new bonanza. This trade in sea otter pelts would nearly lead to the extinction of the animal. Fortunately, an international treaty halted the trade in 1911 but considerable damage had already been done. Millions of animals had died to grace the backs of rich Asians, Europeans and Americans. The sea otter had been killed off in huge stretches of the Northwest Coast and only remained in very small numbers in isolated colonies. With help numbers have been restored in many places but close to populous areas, such as California, numbers are still very low.
In 1785, four different ventures began their efforts to reach the Northwest Coast of America to reap the lucrative sea otter market. The first of the commercial fur traders known to have reached the coast was: was:
James Hanna and his Sea Otters, 1785-1787.
John Henry Cox was a businessman based in Canton, China and, together with some partners, he chartered a 60-ton brig named the Harmon. The ship was renamed the Sea Otter in anticipation of its expected future cargo and placed under the command of James Hanna. On 15 April 1785, Hanna sailed the Sea Otter from Macao heading for Nootka. This was the first ship known to set out for the North Pacific (other than Russian) to collect sea otter pelts.
After sailing close to Japan the Sea Otter crossed to arrive at Nootka Sound on 18 August, Hanna and his crew of 20 trade with the local Nootkan people and acquired 560 pelts. Relations with the Nootkans until an incident when a firework was lit under Maquinna, the local chief. In an attempt to regain face, Maquinna attacked the ship but the guns of the British ensured that the Nootkans fared worse, losing 20 men. Hanna was able to restore friendly relations before he left Nootka at the end of September. The Sea Otter reached Macao in late December 1785.
The pelts fetched $20,000 in Macao, representing a huge profit that encouraged Cox to send Hanna back to Nootka. Another ship, a larger 120-ton snow, was acquired and also called the Sea Otter. Hanna sailed from Macao in May 1786, not realising that other ships were already making their own way to Nootka. In August, Hanna reached Nootka to find that two ships, the Captain Cook and the Experiment had been and taken all the available pelts. Hanna sailed and began investigating the coast northwest of Nootka.
Hanna examined several inlets near the end of Vancouver Island and the proceeded across Queen Charlotte Sound (called Lane's Bay by Hanna) into the entrance to a large sound that Hanna named Fitz Hugh Sound. Hanna did not examine very far but returned and sailed northwest up the west coast of Calvert Island and on to Goose Island (named Brown's Island by Hanna). He then sailed back south, calling the string of islands of the end of Vancouver Island, Lance's Islands (Scott Islands). Hanna produced a chart of the area he had visited and many of the features are recognisable. He named the land to the north Nova Hibernia. Many of his names, including Nova Hibernia, have been replaced but Fitz Hugh Sound, Smith Inlet (Sound), Virgin Rocks and Cape Parkins are still used. Hanna mistakenly thought the end of Vancouver Island was a separate island that he called Cox's Island to honour his sponsor. The name was later transferred to the innermost Scott Island. Hanna himself was later honoured when a headland near the end of Vancouver Island was called Hanna Point. It overlooks Sea Otter Cove.
Hanna did not enter Nootka but went on to enter another inlet further to the southeast. This was Clayoquot Sound and Hanna anchored near Ahousat on Vargas Island in September. He formed a very close friendship with the local chief, Cleaskinah, and the pair exchanged names. On 1 October, Hanna departed from Clayoquot and headed for Macao, which was reached on 8 February 1787. His cargo was much smaller this time but still raised sufficient money for the company to plan a third voyage. Unfortunately, James Hanna died in 1787 before this voyage could begin. Hanna in his brief visits produced an interesting early chart of the Queen Charlotte Sound area.
website - Portlock and Dixon I; in the North Pacific, 1785-1787.
webisite - John Meares I; his first voyage, 1786-1787.
John Meares had been a lieutenant in the Royal Navy before travelling to India. At the end of 1785 he was in Calcutta and heard about the trade in sea otter pelts. He arranged backing for a venture that would go to Nootka for pelts. The Bengal Fur Company was formed and, in January 1786, two ships were purchased. Meares was to captain the 200-ton Nootka and another ex-Royal Navy lieutenant, William Tipping, was to captain the 100-ton Sea Otter (this was a completely different Sea Otter from either of Hanna's ships). The ships sailed from Calcutta on 2 March. Meares had not obtained licenses to go to Nootka from either the East India Company or the South Sea Company as British ships were required to do. The ships sailed separately with designated rendezvous locations at Malacca and Alaska. Tipping had a cargo of opium aboard the Sea Otter and took it straight to Malacca. Meares had been asked to deliver some officials to Madras first. He then had a very slow crossing and many of his crew already had scurvy when he reached Malacca on 23 May. Tipping had already left for Alaska. He would sadly be one of the first casualties of the sea otter trade. It is thought that he sailed north passing Japan to approach the Alaskan mainland via the Aleutian Islands. On 5 September 1786, he sailed into Snug Corner Bay in Prince William Sound where he met James Strange and his expedition. After a few days, Tipping sailed away, never to be seen or heard of again. Meares meanwhile left Malacca on 29 May and headed for the Bashi Islands between the Philippines and Formosa (Taiwan). He reached them on 22 June and anchored there for five days on the 26th. Sailing north on 1 July, the Nootka passed close to Japan to arrive of the Aleutian Islands at the beginning of August. The area was enveloped in fog but Meares thought he saw Atcha (Atka) and Amluc (Amlia) Islands. The Nootka continued northeast through thick fog before meeting Aleuts and a Russian who escorted the ship to a harbour on Unalaska Island (close to the one used by Cook seven years earlier).
On 20 August, Meares left Unalaska. He was keen to pass beyond the sphere of Russian influence as the Russians were obtaining all the sea otter pelts. The Nootka passed the Shumagin Islands and then entered a large inlet, which proved to be a strait that separates Kodiak Island from the Alaskan mainland (Shelikov Strait). Meares called it Petrie's Strait. He arrived at Cape Douglas and anchored at the entrance to Cook's River (Cook Inlet). He was able to carry out a little trading and discerned the local Tanaina people were afraid of the Russians. On 20 September, Meares met a party of Russians travelling from their factory on the Kenai Peninsula to winter at Three Saints Bay at the south end of Kodiak Island.
Meares sailed on and reached Snug Corner Cove on 25 September. There were signs that another ship had been there recently (Tipping's Sea Otter had left about two weeks earlier while Strange's two ships had sailed on 14 September). Meares next made a momentous decision to spend the winter in Prince William Sound and not sail south to warmer climates. It was a decision that would nearly be fatal for the whole expedition. In early October, Meares made contact with local Chugach people but pelts were not plentiful. Shenawah, the local chief offered to help them when he understood what Meares planned. He guided the Nootka further up Port Fidalgo to the head of the inlet, recommending it as a more sheltered spot. By mid-November, though, the ship was iced in, food was getting scarce and the crew was all falling seriously ill. Only a few of them were prepared to take anti-scurvy remedies and many of the others drank dangerous spirits to take them out of the nightmare in which they found themselves. Shenewah promised that the worst would be over by May but by then half the men were dead and the rest were close to death.
With the warmer weather in May 1787 came rescue in the shape of George Dixon and his crew from the Queen Charlotte, which had arrived in Prince William Sound. It was the end of Meares' nightmare but the start of different troubles for him.
website James Hanna and his Sea Otters, 1785-1787.
website - James Strange and his two ships, 1785-1786.At about the same time that Hanna returned to Macao after his first voyage, another expedition was leaving Bombay heading for Nootka. James Strange was based in India where he worked for the East India Company. In the early 1780s, he spent time recuperating in Britain, where he heard all about Cook's voyages and the sea otter pelts. On his return to Bombay, he persuaded David Scott, a local merchant, to form a company to finance a trip to Nootka Sound to obtain pelts. Two local Bombay-built ships were obtained. The Captain Cook, (formerly the Betsey), was a 350-ton snow, commanded by Henry Laurie, and the Experiment was a 100-ton snow, commanded by Henry Guise. James Strange was to travel on board the Captain Cook. Originally, the plan was for the ships to obtain Portuguese papers at Goa that would allow then to trade at Macao. The ships sailed, however, on 8 December 1785, and went straight to Batavia (Jakarta) on Java. From there they sailed to Nootka and arrived off the coast of Vancouver Island on 25 June 1786 near Hope Bay. At first, they could not find Nootka, even after some contact with local people. Eventually, they entered an inlet that proved to be the northwest entrance to Nootka Sound and they finally anchored at Friendly Cove on 7 July. Strange had many men sick so he arranged to purchase a house ashore to be used as a hospital. This did not prove very suitable so Strange had a tent erected instead. From his descriptions, Strange did not like or have a good opinion of the Nootkan people. He chose to deal with an older chief, Kurrighum, rather than Maquinna whose was the principal chief of the area. Whereas Strange kept his dealings with the Nootkans to a minimum, Alexander Walker, a soldier on the Experiment, mixed freely with them and wrote a detailed, more sympathetic account of his time in the sound. Part of Strange's plan involved setting up a base at Nootka and, when he sailed, he left behind John Mackay, the assistant surgeon from the Experiment to organise the base with the co-operation of Maquinna. The ships sailed on 28 July 1786 with 540 sea otter pelts on board. They passed up the coast of Vancouver Island and, on 2 August, reached the islands off the northwest point that Hanna called Lance's Islands. Strange renamed them Scott Islands and the point, Cape Scott, after David Scott, the Bombay merchant. Rounding Cape Scott, Strange entered a large inlet that he named Queen Charlotte Sound. His tally of pelts was still low and he decided to sail for Alaska where he hoped to fare better. As they sailed north they sighted parts of the Queen Charlotte Islands. On 20 August, the ships entered Prince William Sound and anchored at Snug Corner Cove at the entrance to Port Fidalgo. Trading was very slow and only a few extra pelts were obtained. Strange was surprised on 5 September when another British ship arrived. It proved to be the Sea Otter (another one, not one of Hanna's), captained by William Tipping, which had left Calcutta with John Meares' expedition in March 1786. Strange entertained Tipping on board the Captain Cook but both men were very wary about telling the other where they had been or intended to go next. Tipping decided to leave. He had found out that Strange had already been to Nootka and he was seen heading toward Cook's River (Cook Inlet) when he left. Tipping and his ship were never seen again. Strange, on finding out that Tipping was heading for Cook's River, realised he would find no pelts there for himself and decided to return to Asia. The two ships left Prince William Sound on 14 September. The Experiment reached Macao on 15 November while the Captain Cook took a month longer having sailed via Mednyy Island near Kamchatka. Strange only had 604 pelts to trade and the expedition was a financial disaster.
John Meares I; his first voyage, 1786-1787.
Portlock and Dixon encounter Meares, 1787.
Portlock and Dixon I; in the North Pacific, 1785-1787.
The fourth expedition to arrive in the North Pacific had probably been the first to be organised but starting from Britain put it at a disadvantage. In May 1785, a group of London merchants was organised by Richard Cadman Etches into the King George's Sound Company (King George's Sound was Cook's first name for Nootka Sound). They acquired two ships and two seamen with experience in the North Pacific, having sailed on Cook's third voyage. Nathaniel Portlock was in command of the expedition and the 320-ton ship, the King George and his number two was George Dixon who captained the companion vessel, the 200-ton Queen Charlotte. It has been suggested that the use of the royal names for the ships indicates that the expedition had Government approval if not overt involvement. They did possess a five-year license from the South Sea Company and would use this "authority" when dealing with John Meares in 1787. They also had William Beresford on the Queen Charlotte, who kept a detailed record of the voyage.
Portlock and Dixon departed from Britain in early 1785 and sailed down the Atlantic via Madeira and the Cape Verde Islands to the Falkland Islands, which were reached in January 1786. After 16 days in Port Egmont, the ships left and rounded Cape Horn to sail north up the Pacific. They arrived off Hawaii on 24 May and stood off Kealakekua Bay where they traded for fresh food. Scurvy had taken hold and the crew were in need of fresh fruit and vegetables. Portlock was wary of landing, not being sure of how Kamehameha, the overall chief of the island, would respond to them. He, therefore, moved the ships on past Molokai. As he did he nearly met the French explorer, Laperouse, who was just arriving at Maui. Portlock anchored on the south coast of Oahu at Maunalua Bay. Some of his men rowed west to Waikiki and saw the entrance of Pearl Harbour beyond.
Waimea on Kauai was the next anchorage before they went on to Nihau, known to be a good source of yams and pigs. On 13 June, the King George and the Queen Charlotte left the Hawaiian Islands and finally headed for Cook's River (Cook Inlet) in Alaska. Fog was encountered in early July when they approached the Alaskan coast. Land, possibly Cape St. Hermogenes on Marmot Island, was sighted on the 16th. Two days later they passed the Barren Islands and Cape Elizabeth. On 19 July near Cape Bede they were surprised to hear a cannon firing.
Portlock and Dixon had found a Russian factory and contact was soon established. The ships were anchored in Coal Bay (Coal Cove) on the north side of the entrance to Graham's Harbour (Port Graham), near the southern end of the Kenai Peninsula. The Russians were based opposite at Russian Point. Dixon surveyed the inlet while water and wood were taken on board. They sailed again on 26 July and crossed Kachemak Bay to proceed up Cook Inlet. From the 29th until 3 August, the ships anchored off the western shore in Trading Bay and attempted to trade for pelts, which were in short supply. The local Tanaina people told them of their dislike of the Russians. Portlock sailed out of Cook Inlet on 13 August and headed for Prince William Sound.
On 17 August, the ships attempted to enter the south west approach to Prince William Sound to the west of Montague Island. For a week they tried and then tried to enter via the Hinchinbrook Island but again with no success. Portlock and Dixon decide to give up and sail south along the coast to Nootka. Mount St. Elias was sighted on 5 September and they soon passed Lituya Bay, which Laperouse had left a month earlier. They reached the entrance to Nootka Sound on 22 September but once again could not manouevre the ships into the inlet so after six days they agreed to sail to to Hawaii instead.
They arrived at Hawaii on 14 November and plied back and forth close to Maui and Hawaii Islands trading. Portlock decided to move on to Oahu but the weather held them up off Maui until the 30th. When they eventually came to Oahu, they found Maunalua Bay deserted, the result of a taboo placed by the King. The King, Taheeterre, visited and lifted the taboo. Having taken on fresh provisions, Portlock and Dixon sailed for Waimea Bay on Kauai. From 22 December until 15 March, the ships were based at Waimea or at the neighbouring island of Nihau, moving back and forth between the two. They were able to obtain good supplies of yams and pigs. They met the King, Taaao, and one of his relations called Kaiana (known by the British at the time as Tyaana).
On 15 March 1787, the King George and the Queen Charlotte left Waimea and sailed north for Alaska. Montague Island was sighted on 23 April and the ships anchored in an inlet near the southwestern end of the island. Local Chugach people visited them and used the word "Nootka" repeatedly while pointing to the northeast. The British did not understand what was meant. Portlock sent off parties to explore their present harbour (MacLeod's Harbour), a nearby one (Hanning's Harbour) and the island opposite that Portlock called Mulgrave Island (Latouche Island).
Portlock had the ships moved north and, on 2 May, they anchored near Point Gilmour at the entrance to Chalmer's Harbour (Port Chalmers). Two days later the ships were moved into Port Chalmers. Dixon was dispatched with longboats to lead a trading and exploring expedition north into Prince William Sound. Portlock had both ships in turn hauled on to a beach for repairs. On 10 May, Dixon returned with momentous news. He had reached Snug Corner Cove where Chugachs informed him about another European ship that had spent the winter in the sound. They led Dixon up Port Fidalgo where he found John Meares, the Nootka and what remained of the ship's crew.
Portlock and Dixon decided to leave Prince William Sound and sail separately down the American coast, hoping to double their chances of obtaining sea otter pelts. When both ships had been repaired and returned to the water, Portlock departed from Port Chalmers and sailed round the top of Montague Island to Hinchinbrook Entrance. Portlock then took the King George into an inlet on Hinchinbrook Island while Dixon sailed off in the Queen Charlotte.
Meares II; after Portlock, back to Macao, 1787.
Portlock II; Chichagof Island, Hawaii and on to Macao, 1787.
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Portlock and Dixon encounter Meares, 1787.Meares II; after Portlock, back to Macao, 1787.
Meares took the Nootka out of Prince William Sound on 22 June 1787. Including himself and the two seamen that had joined from Prtlock's ship, there were 24 men on board the Nootka though many were far from totally recovered so sailing the ship was difficult. 23 men had died in Port Fidalgo. Meares had been told by Portlock not to engage in any more trading as Meares did not possess any licenses but his first action on clearing the sound was to head east with a view to trading. He made land near Cape Edgecumbe and obtained some sea otter pelts from an unknown inlet just to the south on Baranof Island. Meares then decided to head for Hawaii and reached the islands in early August.
Meares sailed through the island group to reach Waimea on Kauai. He took on board Tiaana, who had expressed a desire to travel, and the Nootka sailed on 2 September for Macao. It arrived in Macao on 20 October 1787. The expedition had been one of the least successful to visit the Northwest Coast. Tipping and the Sea Otter had been lost completely while Meares had lost half his crew and returned with only a small number of pelts. However, Meares possessed high powers of persuasion and soon his backers were investing in another Meares expedition.
Portlock II; Chichagof Island, Hawaii and on to Macao, 1787.
After Meares sailed from Prince William Sound in the Nootka on 19 June 1787, Nathaniel Portlock was till not ready to sail himself. On 6 July, the longboat returned from its second expedition back toward Cook Inlet. Finally, on 25 July, the King George left Port Etches but Portlock decided not to leave by Hinchinbrook Entrance and sailed down the west coast of Montague Island to reach open water so it was 31 July when he cleared Cape Cleare, the island's southern point. He headed east and reached an inlet south of Cape Cross on 6 August. Portlock carefully edged the ship into the inlet, which he named Portlock Harbour after himself. He remained here for 17 days. A longboat was sent off to explore and survey to the south of the inlet. The expedition visited and named Salisbury Sound and showed that Mount Edgecumbe was on an island (Kruzof but called Pitt Island by Portlock) by passing through Hayward Strait. Portlock, meanwhile, obtained a few pelts but was intrigued by signs of smallpox in the local Tlingit people. He ascribed it to the visit of Bodega's Spanish expedition in 1775.
On 23 August, Portlock left Portlock Harbour on Chichagof Island and, as the season was advanced decided to make for Hawaii. He reached Hawaii on 27 September and, after trading near Hawaii and Maui moved on to Waimea. Here, on 3 October, he learned that Dixon had anchored there for three days and had left for Macao only 14 days earlier. He also learned that John Meares had visited, had been involved in an incident that left several Hawaiians dead, and had taken Kaiana with him to Macao. Dixon had left a letter for Portlock but it was under taboo. Portlock crossed to Nihau to obtain yams and the letter was brought to him. He left the Hawaiian Islands on 8 October.
Portlock anchored the King George in Macao on 21 November and four days later was reunited with George Dixon and the Queen Charlotte
Dixon II; Queen Charlotte Islands, Hawaii and on to Macao, 1787.
George Dixon and the Queen Charlotte sailed from Port Chalmers on 14 May 1787, leaving Nathaniel Portlock and the King George in Prince William Sound. They headed east and on 23 May entered a large inlet, Yakutat Bay. On the 24th, they went ashore and, while trading began, Dixon went off to survey the inlet, which he called Port Mulgrave. There was much contact with the local Tlingits but only a few pelts were obtained. Dixon left on 4 June and followed the coast to the south.
The Queen Charlotte rounded Cape Edgecumbe and entered a large sound on 11 June. The ship stayed for 12 days while brisk trading took place with Tlingit and the sound was surveyed. A shirt was identified as being Spanish in origin and belived to have come from Bodega's visit to the area in 1775. Dixon called the sound Norfolk Sound (Sitka Sound). Another inlet just to the south, which Dixon called Port Banks, was examined from 24 to 26 June before they sailed again. The Hazy Islands and Forrester Island were sighted and named over the next few days. At the end of June, Dixon crossed the opening to a large inlet. This was the Dixon Entrance (Dixon's Straits) that separates the Queen Charlotte Islands from Prince of Wales Island.
On 1 July, Dixon reached Langara Island at the north of the Queen Charlotte Islands. Juan Perez, the Spanish explorer, had stood off here in 1774. Dixon anchored the Queen Charlotte in Cloak Bay, named for the many pelts that were obtained there by trading with the resident Haida. After two days Dixon moved on passing Hippah Island and collecting many pelts. The southern point of the Queen Charlotte Islands was reached on 25 July. Dixon rounded it and began sailing.
Cf, Carl Seabuerg and Stanley Paterson,web article, Merchant Prince of Boston. Colonel T. H. Perkins, 1764-1854. Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press. He began employed till 1785 by Boston merchants Shattuck who need some reseach. TH with his brother James at San Domingo (now Haiti), he married in 1788, set up in Boston, in 1789 got position as supercargo on Astrea from Boston, Batavia, China, and at Canton saw Iphigenia and Columbia come in to Canton with seal furs. Seaburg etc note that "incestuous" links with relatives in Perkins' trading style. He is a Federalist in politics. Invested in local projects various. J and TH and Russell Sturgis opened a branch in Canton in 1803. Did not meet opium trade till 1814 when his ship Jacob captured two British merchant ships on way to China. (Says Americans had not begun opium trade till 1800-1810.) His fur trading ended in 1820 and his China trading in 1830s, tho he invested in successor companies. He patronized painters.
Thomas married Elliot Sarah-8047 daughter of Elliot Simon-65839 and ENotknown Miss-65809 on 25 Mar 1788 in Boston,probably.
She in Briggs is an only dr. L. Vernon Briggs, History and Genealogy of the Cabot Family, 1475-1927. In Two Volumes. Boston, Privately printed, Charles E. Goodspeed and Co., 1927.
Ok in Cabot genealogy.
Thomas and Sarah had the following children:
+ 17 F i Perkins Eliza-8044 was born in 1792. She died in 1884. 18 M ii Perkins George C.-180351.
No notes.+ 19 F iii Perkins Mary Cushing-180352. + 20 F iv Perkins Caroline-194248. 21 F v Perkins Nancy-194249. Nancy married Cary William F-194250 son of Cary Senior-194253 and CNotknown Miss-194254.
L. Vernon Briggs, History and Genealogy of the Cabot Family, 1475-1927. In Two Volumes. Boston, Privately printed, Charles E. Goodspeed and Co., 1927.22 F vi Died Young Perkins Sarah-197274 was born in Dec 1789. She died on 31 Dec 1790 in Smallpox. + 23 M vii Perkins Thomas Handasyd Jr.-197293 was born in 1796. He died in 1850.
9. Perkins Elizabeth-177462 (James , Edmund , Edmund , Progenitor ).
See an article at www.newenglandancestors.org/ by Gary Boyd Roberts on Notable Descendants of Rev John Lothropp/Lathrop the Founder of Barnstable, Massachusetts. She has sixteen children, but eight died young and three a little older. Chaitkin. Treason in America, p. 125.
Elizabeth married US-China trade Sturgis Russell-177463 son of Yeoman of Barnstable Sturgis Thomas III-122812 and Of Barnstable Paine Sarah Sally-359160 in 1773. Russell was born in 1750. He died in 1826.
Code-US. He is son2 and child3. He is apprenticed at age 16 to Thos Handasyd Peck qv. Becomes hatter/furrier / dealer generaL Vernon Briggs, History and Genealogy of the Cabot Family, 1475-1927. In Two Volumes. Boston, Privately printed, Charles E. Goodspeed and Co., 1927. This man marries Elizabeth Perkins dr of James Perkins, US fur trader and China merchant, brother of T. H. Perkins qv. Russell Sturgis has a grandson in Chaitkin who becomes chairman of Barings Bank. Raken http has it that - Russell Sturgis genesis. Nathaniel Russell Sturgis sr married Susan Parkman and had twelve children. His eldest son was the most prominent in his generation. Russell Sturgis (he dropped his first name Nathaniel) engaged as prominent in the China trade in 1834 when he joined Russell, Sturgis & Co., an off-spring of a Manila house; his brother Henry Parkman Sturgis and George Robert Russell had formed in 1832 . The firm was later acquired by Russell & Co and Russell Sturgis became a partner from 1842-44. In 1851, as he was on his way to Canton again, Russell Sturgis missed a ship and was convinced by his uncle, Joshua Bates (then an American partner of Baring Bros.), to join Baring Brothers. His own wikipedia entry. he joins J and TH Perskins with ownership of Grand Turk in 1796 and they sent her to China in March 1796. Information (and information against the LaRouchian version) from eg a web article on provenance of works by various US portrait painters, re portraits of the merchant class of Boston, etc. See an article at www.newenglandancestors.org/ by Gary Boyd Roberts on Notable Descendants of Rev John Lothropp/Lathrop the Founder of Barnstable, Massachusetts.
Russell and Elizabeth had the following children:
24 M i Sturgis Julian-197303.
No notes.+ 25 F ii Of Boston Sturgis Anne Cushing-197292 was born in 1797. She died in 1892. 26 M iii US-China trader Sturgis Henry-383542 was born in 1790. He died in 1819 in Macao. 27 M iv US-China Trader Sturgis George Washington-383543 was born in 1793. He died in 1826.
His father died two days after he did.28 M v US-China merchant Sturgis James Perkins-383544 was born in 1791. He died in 1851 in at sea.
He died on his way home from China. He and brothers are James P. Sturgis and Co. Noted in http by Linda Minor see her email of 6-11-2000. Gibson, Otter, pp. 26ff and variously. He is a relative of William Sturgis qv.29 F vi Sturgis Sarah Paine-42983 was born in 1786. She died in 1855. + 30 M vii Sturgis Nathaniel Russell-345491 was born in 1779. He died in 1856.
10. Perkins Samuel G.-74617 (James , Edmund , Edmund , Progenitor ) was born on 24 May 1767. He died on 24 May 1847.
Is he Samuel G. qv? He is son 3. He operates in Cabot genealogy from St Domingo for his brother TH from 1787 till the rebels of 1792? Later he worked as partner for Stephen Higginson and Co., which employed Captain James Magee. See the website www.smokershistory.com/
Samuel married Higginson Barbara Cooper-194204 daughter of Merchant Higginson Stephen Junior-416261 and Storrow Louisa-178020.
L. Vernon Briggs, History and Genealogy of the Cabot Family, 1475-1927. In Two Volumes. Boston, Privately printed, Charles E. Goodspeed and Co., 1927.
Samuel and Barbara had the following children:
+ 31 M i Perkins Stephen Higginson-200249. + 32 M ii Rev Unitarian Perkins James Handasyd-345315 was born in 1810. He died in 1849. 33 F iii wife1 Perkins Susan Cleveland-503255 died in 1825. Susan married Merchant Searle George-503250 son of Searle George-503233 and Atkins MaryRussell-503232. George was born in 1788. He died in 1858.
13. Perkins Margaret Mitchell-21040 (James , Edmund , Edmund , Progenitor ) was born in 1773. She died in 1856.
She married Richard Bennett Forbes. From Linda Minor, she is sister of Thomas Handasynd Perkins qv.
Margaret married Forbes Ralph Bennet-8054 son of Judge, Rev Forbes John-8059 and Murray Dorothy-8060 on 13 Oct 1799. Ralph was born on 11 Jun 1773 in Milton, Massachusetts. He died on 5 Oct 1824.
Note a Collingwood woman in http per Linda Minor. He also has drs Cornelia (1807-1809), Mary Abbot Forbes, (1814-1904) and Frances Cordelia (1817-1911). Per Linda Minor. His sons are cousins of John Perkins Cushing. See also email of 6-11-200 from Linda Minor and her http. L. Vernon Briggs, History and Genealogy of the Cabot Family, 1475-1927. In Two Volumes. Boston, Privately printed, Charles E. Goodspeed and Co., 1927.
Ralph and Margaret had the following children:
34 F i Forbes Emma Perkins-61906 was born in 1801. She died in 1847.
Per Linda Minor.35 M ii Forbes Thomas Tunno-61904 was born in 1802. He died in 1829.
Code-US He is with THP firm by about 1826 see notes to THP file. Per Linda Minor.+ 36 M iii Opium trader, US merchant, Railroads Forbes John Murray-8057 was born on 23 Feb 1813. He died on 12 Oct 1898. + 37 M iv US-China trader Forbes Robert Bennet I-8138 was born on 18 Sep 1804. He died on 3 Nov 1889. 38 F v Forbes Margaret Perkins-61516 was born in 1806. She died in 1876.
Per Linda Minor.
14. Colonel Perkins William-121162 (William , Edmund , Edmund , Progenitor ) was born in 1742.
Is his name = William Lee Perkins? He is a major in Rev War, on http.
William married Cox Abigail-86718 daughter of Cox Thomas-86719 and CNotknown Abigail-122107. Abigail was born in 1743. She died in 1801.
They had the following children:
+ 39 F i Perkins Abigail-110380 was born on 10 Jan 1773.
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